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Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device

Author

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  • Daniel Steger

    (Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Christoph Regensburger

    (Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Jenny Pham

    (Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany)

  • Eberhard Schlücker

    (Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany)

Abstract

The combined heat pump–organic Rankine cycle is a thermal–electrical storage concept which allows the reversible use of components in both operation modes (loading and unloading the storage). This saves in terms of investment costs but also creates challenges during design and operation. A heat exchanger is an expensive component destined to be used for the reversible purposes of a heat pump condenser and an organic Rankine cycle evaporator. In this study, the operation of such an apparatus was evaluated based on an analytical model, experimental data and thermal imaging. This study shows that the model can predict the filling of the apparatus distinguished by liquid, vapour and the two-phase region. The thermal imaging supports the model and gives the location of the regions. Connecting both methods, a valid statement about the current condition of the heat exchanger is possible. Due to very small pinch points, the apparatus is not efficiently used in the investigated modes. Extending the pinch to 2 K can already save up to 46.1% of the heat exchange area. The quality of the heat transfer in the evaporator ( q ˙ O R C = 10.9 kW/m 2 ) is clearly higher than in the condenser ( q ˙ H P = 6.1 kW/m 2 ).

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Steger & Christoph Regensburger & Jenny Pham & Eberhard Schlücker, 2021. "Heat Exchangers in Carnot Batteries: Condensation and Evaporation in a Reversible Device," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:18:p:5620-:d:630910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Eppinger, Bernd & Will, Stefan & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard, 2020. "Design aspects of a reversible heat pump - Organic rankine cycle pilot plant for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    2. Eppinger, Bernd & Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard & Will, Stefan, 2021. "Carnot battery: Simulation and design of a reversible heat pump-organic Rankine cycle pilot plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Scharrer, Daniel & Bazan, Peter & Pruckner, Marco & German, Reinhard, 2022. "Simulation and analysis of a Carnot Battery consisting of a reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle for a domestic application in a community with varying number of houses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).

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