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Lactic Acid-Based Solvents for Sustainable EDLC Electrolytes

Author

Listed:
  • Massimo Melchiorre

    (CapTop S.r.l., 80023 Napoli, Italy
    Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Roberto Esposito

    (Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Martino Di Serio

    (Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Giancarlo Abbate

    (CapTop S.r.l., 80023 Napoli, Italy)

  • Alessandro Lampasi

    (National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00044 Frascati, Italy)

  • Andrea Balducci

    (Institute of Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany)

  • Francesco Ruffo

    (Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

The most relevant electrolytes used in commercial electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are based on non-aqueous solvents as acetonitrile (ACN) and propylene carbonate (PC). However, these solvents are synthesized from non-renewable fossil feedstocks, making it desirable to develop more sustainable alternatives. To address this issue, in this work lactic acid was used to synthesize a panel of substances with small structural variation. The investigated products belong to the chemical family of ketals, and among them the 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (LA-H,H) was found to be the most suitable to prepare electrolytic solutions. Therefore, LA-H,H was combined with triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEMABF 4 ), and analyzed in symmetrical EDLC. This electrolyte was thoroughly characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), disclosing competitive performances compared to PC-based electrolyte. The EDLC with LA-H,H/TEMABF 4 displayed a specific energy and power of 13.4 Whkg −1 and 22.5 kWkg −1 respectively, with an optimal cycling stability over 5000 cycles at different current densities.

Suggested Citation

  • Massimo Melchiorre & Roberto Esposito & Martino Di Serio & Giancarlo Abbate & Alessandro Lampasi & Andrea Balducci & Francesco Ruffo, 2021. "Lactic Acid-Based Solvents for Sustainable EDLC Electrolytes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4250-:d:594268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. González, Ander & Goikolea, Eider & Barrena, Jon Andoni & Mysyk, Roman, 2016. "Review on supercapacitors: Technologies and materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1189-1206.
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    Cited by:

    1. Guodong Yin & Heng Zhong & Guodong Yao & Fangming Jin & Jianfu Zhao, 2021. "Production of Acrylic Acid from Biomass-Derived Fumaric Acid under Hydrothermal Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-9, September.

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