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Digital Twin Concepts with Uncertainty for Nuclear Power Applications

Author

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  • Brendan Kochunas

    (Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

  • Xun Huan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

Abstract

Digital Twins (DTs) are receiving considerable attention from multiple disciplines. Much of the literature at this time is dedicated to the conceptualization of digital twins, and associated enabling technologies and challenges. In this paper, we consider these propositions for the specific application of nuclear power. Our review finds that the current DT concepts are amenable to nuclear power systems, but benefit from some modifications and enhancements. Further, some areas of the existing modeling and simulation infrastructure around nuclear power systems are adaptable to DT development, while more recent efforts in advanced modeling and simulation are less suitable at this time. For nuclear power applications, DT development should rely first on mechanistic model-based methods to leverage the extensive experience and understanding of these systems. Model-free techniques can then be adopted to selectively, and correctively, augment limitations in the model-based approaches. Challenges to the realization of a DT are also discussed, with some being unique to nuclear engineering, however most are broader. A challenging aspect we discuss in detail for DTs is the incorporation of uncertainty quantification (UQ). Forward UQ enables the propagation of uncertainty from the digital representations to predict behavior of the physical asset. Similarly, inverse UQ allows for the incorporation of data from new measurements obtained from the physical asset back into the DT. Optimization under uncertainty facilitates decision support through the formal methods of optimal experimental design and design optimization that maximize information gain, or performance, of the physical asset in an uncertain environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Brendan Kochunas & Xun Huan, 2021. "Digital Twin Concepts with Uncertainty for Nuclear Power Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-32, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4235-:d:593812
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elizabeth G. Ryan & Christopher C. Drovandi & James M. McGree & Anthony N. Pettitt, 2016. "A Review of Modern Computational Algorithms for Bayesian Optimal Design," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 84(1), pages 128-154, April.
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    3. David M. Blei & Alp Kucukelbir & Jon D. McAuliffe, 2017. "Variational Inference: A Review for Statisticians," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 112(518), pages 859-877, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zio, Enrico & Miqueles, Leonardo, 2024. "Digital twins in safety analysis, risk assessment and emergency management," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    2. Molly Ross & T-Ying Lin & Daniel Gould & Sanjoy Das & Hitesh Bindra, 2022. "Projecting the Thermal Response in a HTGR-Type System during Conduction Cooldown Using Graph-Laplacian Based Machine Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Harleen Kaur Sandhu & Saran Srikanth Bodda & Abhinav Gupta, 2023. "A Future with Machine Learning: Review of Condition Assessment of Structures and Mechanical Systems in Nuclear Facilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-23, March.
    4. Konstantinos Prantikos & Lefteri H. Tsoukalas & Alexander Heifetz, 2022. "Physics-Informed Neural Network Solution of Point Kinetics Equations for a Nuclear Reactor Digital Twin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Raval, Khushi Jatinkumar & Jadav, Nilesh Kumar & Rathod, Tejal & Tanwar, Sudeep & Vimal, Vrince & Yamsani, Nagendar, 2024. "A survey on safeguarding critical infrastructures: Attacks, AI security, and future directions," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    6. Lorenzo Malerba & Abderrahim Al Mazouzi & Marjorie Bertolus & Marco Cologna & Pål Efsing & Adrian Jianu & Petri Kinnunen & Karl-Fredrik Nilsson & Madalina Rabung & Mariano Tarantino, 2022. "Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-48, March.

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