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Risk Assessment of the Large-Scale Hydrogen Storage in Salt Caverns

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  • Maria Portarapillo

    (Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

  • Almerinda Di Benedetto

    (Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

Salt caverns are accepted as an ideal solution for high-pressure hydrogen storage. As well as considering the numerous benefits of the realization of underground hydrogen storage (UHS), such as high energy densities, low leakage rates and big storage volumes, risk analysis of UHS is a required step for assessing the suitability of this technology. In this work, a preliminary quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was performed by starting from the worst-case scenario: rupture at the ground of the riser pipe from the salt cavern to the ground. The influence of hydrogen contamination by bacterial metabolism was studied, considering the composition of the gas contained in the salt caverns as time variable. A bow-tie analysis was used to highlight all the possible causes (basic events) as well as the outcomes (jet fire, unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE), toxic chemical release), and then, consequence and risk analyses were performed. The results showed that a UVCE is the most frequent outcome, but its effect zone decreases with time due to the hydrogen contamination and the higher contents of methane and hydrogen sulfide.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Portarapillo & Almerinda Di Benedetto, 2021. "Risk Assessment of the Large-Scale Hydrogen Storage in Salt Caverns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2856-:d:555415
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Huaguang Yan & Wenda Zhang & Jiandong Kang & Tiejiang Yuan, 2023. "The Necessity and Feasibility of Hydrogen Storage for Large-Scale, Long-Term Energy Storage in the New Power System in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Viktor Kalman & Johannes Voigt & Christian Jordan & Michael Harasek, 2022. "Hydrogen Purification by Pressure Swing Adsorption: High-Pressure PSA Performance in Recovery from Seasonal Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, October.
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    5. Barbara Uliasz-Misiak & Joanna Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska & Rafał Matuła & Radosław Tarkowski, 2022. "Prospects for the Implementation of Underground Hydrogen Storage in the EU," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Gianpiero Colangelo & Gianluigi Spirto & Marco Milanese & Arturo de Risi, 2021. "Progresses in Analytical Design of Distribution Grids and Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-43, July.
    7. Ewelina Pawelczyk & Natalia Łukasik & Izabela Wysocka & Andrzej Rogala & Jacek Gębicki, 2022. "Recent Progress on Hydrogen Storage and Production Using Chemical Hydrogen Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-34, July.

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