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Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Diameter and Sphericity on the Thermal Performance of Geothermal Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid as Heat Transfer Fluid

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  • Ruiqing Du

    (National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science & Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
    Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China)

  • Dandan Jiang

    (National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science & Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
    Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China)

  • Yong Wang

    (National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Ministry of Science & Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
    Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China)

Abstract

The geothermal heat exchanger system is one of the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building service systems. In the present study, CuO/water nanofluid was used as the heat transfer fluid to enhance the energy efficiency of the geothermal heat exchangers. A three-dimensional numerical model was employed to investigate the effect of nanoparticle diameter and sphericity on the thermal performance of the geothermal heat exchanger, and it was well validated against the experimental results of nanofluids in the geothermal heat exchangers. The numerical results showed that nanoparticles with a diameter of 5 nm and 50 nm were not recommended for the nanofluids used in the geothermal heat exchangers due to the performance efficiency coefficient lower than 1, and the optimum diameter was 40 nm, which had the highest performance efficiency coefficient (1.004875). Moreover, the spherical particle-based nanofluid was characterized by the 8.55% higher energy efficiency, in comparison to rod-shaped particle-based nanofluid. Therefore, the application of nanofluid in the geothermal heat exchanger can enhance heat transfer, and the proposed optimum particle diameter and sphericity could contribute to higher energy efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruiqing Du & Dandan Jiang & Yong Wang, 2020. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Diameter and Sphericity on the Thermal Performance of Geothermal Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid as Heat Transfer Fluid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:7:p:1653-:d:340607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Gianpiero Colangelo & Brenda Raho & Marco Milanese & Arturo de Risi, 2021. "Numerical Evaluation of a HVAC System Based on a High-Performance Heat Transfer Fluid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Behera, Uma Sankar & Sangwai, Jitendra S. & Byun, Hun-Soo, 2025. "A comprehensive review on the recent advances in applications of nanofluids for effective utilization of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    4. Luka Boban & Dino Miše & Stjepan Herceg & Vladimir Soldo, 2021. "Application and Design Aspects of Ground Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-31, April.
    5. Marco Milanese & Francesco Micali & Gianpiero Colangelo & Arturo de Risi, 2022. "Experimental Evaluation of a Full-Scale HVAC System Working with Nanofluid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, April.
    6. Pisarevsky, M.I. & Struchalin, P.G. & Balakin, B.V. & Kutsenko, K.V. & Maslov, Y.A., 2024. "Experimental study of nanofluid heat transfer for geothermal applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    7. Abdelazim Abbas Ahmed & Mohsen Assadi & Adib Kalantar & Tomasz Sliwa & Aneta Sapińska-Śliwa, 2022. "A Critical Review on the Use of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems for Heating and Cooling Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-22, June.
    8. Soltani, M. & Moradi Kashkooli, Farshad & Alian Fini, Mehdi & Gharapetian, Derrick & Nathwani, Jatin & Dusseault, Maurice B., 2022. "A review of nanotechnology fluid applications in geothermal energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).

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