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A review of nanotechnology fluid applications in geothermal energy systems

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  • Soltani, M.
  • Moradi Kashkooli, Farshad
  • Alian Fini, Mehdi
  • Gharapetian, Derrick
  • Nathwani, Jatin
  • Dusseault, Maurice B.

Abstract

Geothermal energy is a high potential energy source that can provide heat and power with minimal emissions. Recent advances in nanotechnology show that nanoparticles, such as CuO, TiO2, Al2O3, and Ag suspended in water, can enhance the heat transfer coefficient and rate. Here, we present a comprehensive review of nanotechnology use in closed geothermal heat pumps and heat exchangers. The study comprises: (i) detailed quantification of the effects of different parameters on a liquid suspension, including nanoparticle thermal conductivity, viscosity, volume fraction, density, specific heat capacity, mass flow rate, nanoparticle shape and size, Brownian motion, pressure drop, and friction factor; and (ii) an economic analysis of the benefits related to using of nanofluids in geothermal applications. We show that the overall performance of ground source geothermal systems improves through the use of low volume fractions of nanoparticles in suspension.

Suggested Citation

  • Soltani, M. & Moradi Kashkooli, Farshad & Alian Fini, Mehdi & Gharapetian, Derrick & Nathwani, Jatin & Dusseault, Maurice B., 2022. "A review of nanotechnology fluid applications in geothermal energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:167:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122006189
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112729
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