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Optimal Battery Sizing for Electric Truck Delivery

Author

Listed:
  • Donkyu Baek

    (Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Yukai Chen

    (Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Naehyuck Chang

    (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea)

  • Enrico Macii

    (Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Massimo Poncino

    (Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Finding the cost-optimal battery size in the context of parcel delivery with Electric Vehicles (EVs) requires solving a tradeoff between using the largest possible battery (so as to maximize the number of deliveries over a given time) and the relative costs (initial investment plus the unnecessary increase of the truck weight during delivery). In this paper, we propose a framework for the optimal battery sizing for parcel delivery with an electric truck; we implement an electric truck simulator including a nonlinear battery model to evaluate revenue, battery cost, charging cost, and overall profit for annual delivery. Our framework finds the cost-optimal battery size for different parcel weight distributions and customer location distributions. We analyze the effect of battery sizing on the profit, which is up to 56%.

Suggested Citation

  • Donkyu Baek & Yukai Chen & Naehyuck Chang & Enrico Macii & Massimo Poncino, 2020. "Optimal Battery Sizing for Electric Truck Delivery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:3:p:709-:d:317378
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ribau, João P. & Silva, Carla M. & Sousa, João M.C., 2014. "Efficiency, cost and life cycle CO2 optimization of fuel cell hybrid and plug-in hybrid urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 320-335.
    2. Song, Ziyou & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Xu, Liangfei & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Hofmann, Heath, 2014. "Multi-objective optimization of a semi-active battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 212-224.
    3. Vora, Ashish P. & Jin, Xing & Hoshing, Vaidehi & Saha, Tridib & Shaver, Gregory & Varigonda, Subbarao & Wasynczuk, Oleg & Tyner, Wallace E., 2017. "Design-space exploration of series plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for medium-duty truck applications in a total cost-of-ownership framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 662-672.
    4. Kyuhyun Sim & Ram Vijayagopal & Namdoo Kim & Aymeric Rousseau, 2019. "Optimization of Component Sizing for a Fuel Cell-Powered Truck to Minimize Ownership Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-13, March.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Johannes Karlsson & Anders Grauers, 2023. "Case Study of Cost-Effective Electrification of Long-Distance Line-Haul Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Yukai Chen & Sara Vinco & Donkyu Baek & Stefano Quer & Enrico Macii & Massimo Poncino, 2020. "Cost-Aware Design and Simulation of Electrical Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-33, June.
    3. Johannes Karlsson & Anders Grauers, 2023. "Energy Distribution Diagram Used for Cost-Effective Battery Sizing of Electric Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Jahangir Samet, Mehdi & Liimatainen, Heikki & Pihlatie, Mikko & van Vliet, Oscar Patrick René, 2024. "Levelized cost of driving for medium and heavy-duty battery electric trucks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    5. Donkyu Baek & Yukai Chen & Naehyuck Chang & Enrico Macii & Massimo Poncino, 2020. "Battery-Aware Electric Truck Delivery Route Exploration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Peng, Tianduo & Ou, Xunmin, 2022. "Greenhouse gas life cycle analysis of China's fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty trucks under segmented usage scenarios and vehicle types," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    7. Johannes Karlsson & Anders Grauers, 2023. "Agent-Based Investigation of Charger Queues and Utilization of Public Chargers for Electric Long-Haul Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-25, June.
    8. Wojciech Cieslik & Weronika Antczak, 2023. "Research of Load Impact on Energy Consumption in an Electric Delivery Vehicle Based on Real Driving Conditions: Guidance for Electrification of Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.

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