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Hydrate Production Philosophy and Thermodynamic Calculations

Author

Listed:
  • Bjørn Kvamme

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Xindu Road No.8, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Jinzhou Zhao

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Xindu Road No.8, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Na Wei

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Xindu Road No.8, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Wantong Sun

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Xindu Road No.8, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Navid Saeidi

    (Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)

  • Jun Pei

    (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Xindu Road No.8, Chengdu 610500, China)

  • Tatiana Kuznetsova

    (Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway)

Abstract

The amount of energy in the form of natural gas hydrates is huge and likely substantially more than twice the amount of worldwide conventional fossil fuel. Various ways to produce these hydrates have been proposed over the latest five decades. Most of these hydrate production methods have been based on evaluation of hydrate stability limits rather than thermodynamic consideration and calculations. Typical examples are pressure reduction and thermal stimulation. In this work we discuss some of these proposed methods and use residual thermodynamics for all phases, including the hydrate phase, to evaluate free energy changes related to the changes in independent thermodynamic variables. Pressures, temperatures and composition of all relevant phases which participate in hydrate phase transitions are independent thermodynamic variables. Chemical potential and free energies are thermodynamic responses that determine whether the desired phase transitions are feasible or not. The associated heat needed is related to the first law of thermodynamics and enthalpies. It is argued that the pressure reduction method may not be feasible since the possible thermal gradients from the surroundings are basically low temperature heat that is unable to break water hydrogen bonds in the hydrate–water interface efficiently. Injecting carbon dioxide, on the other hand, leads to formation of new hydrate which generates excess heat compared to the enthalpy needed to dissociate the in situ CH 4 hydrate. But the rapid formation of new CO 2 hydrate that can block the pores, and also the low permeability of pure CO 2 in aquifers, are motivations for adding N 2 . Optimum mole fractions of N 2 based on thermodynamic considerations are discussed. On average, less than 30 mole% N 2 can be efficient and feasible. Thermal stimulation using steam or hot water is not economically feasible. Adding massive amounts of methanol or other thermodynamic inhibitors is also technically efficient but far from economically feasible.

Suggested Citation

  • Bjørn Kvamme & Jinzhou Zhao & Na Wei & Wantong Sun & Navid Saeidi & Jun Pei & Tatiana Kuznetsova, 2020. "Hydrate Production Philosophy and Thermodynamic Calculations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-34, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:3:p:672-:d:316480
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Yongge & Hou, Jian & Zhao, Haifeng & Liu, Xiaoyu & Xia, Zhizeng, 2018. "A method to recover natural gas hydrates with geothermal energy conveyed by CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 265-278.
    2. Solomon Aforkoghene Aromada & Bjørn Kvamme & Na Wei & Navid Saeidi, 2019. "Enthalpies of Hydrate Formation and Dissociation from Residual Thermodynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Bjørn Kvamme, 2019. "Enthalpies of Hydrate Formation from Hydrate Formers Dissolved in Water," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Bjørn Kvamme & Richard B. Coffin & Jinzhou Zhao & Na Wei & Shouwei Zhou & Qingping Li & Navid Saeidi & Yu-Chien Chien & Derek Dunn-Rankin & Wantong Sun & Mojdeh Zarifi, 2019. "Stages in the Dynamics of Hydrate Formation and Consequences for Design of Experiments for Hydrate Formation in Sediments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Bjørn Kvamme, 2019. "Environmentally Friendly Production of Methane from Natural Gas Hydrate Using Carbon Dioxide," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-23, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Federico Rossi & Yan Li & Alberto Maria Gambelli, 2021. "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Description of the Main Effects Related to the Memory Effect during Carbon Dioxide Hydrates Formation in a Confined Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Bjørn Kvamme & Jinzhou Zhao & Na Wei & Wantong Sun & Mojdeh Zarifi & Navid Saeidi & Shouwei Zhou & Tatiana Kuznetsova & Qingping Li, 2020. "Why Should We Use Residual Thermodynamics for Calculation of Hydrate Phase Transitions?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-30, August.
    3. Bjørn Kvamme & Atanas Vasilev, 2023. "Thermodynamic Feasibility of the Black Sea CH 4 Hydrate Replacement by CO 2 Hydrate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-29, January.
    4. Sun, Wantong & Wei, Na & Zhao, Jinzhou & Kvamme, Bjørn & Zhou, Shouwei & Zhang, Liehui & Almenningen, Stian & Kuznetsova, Tatiana & Ersland, Geir & Li, Qingping & Pei, Jun & Li, Cong & Xiong, Chenyang, 2022. "Imitating possible consequences of drilling through marine hydrate reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    5. Bjørn Kvamme & Matthew Clarke, 2021. "Hydrate Phase Transition Kinetic Modeling for Nature and Industry–Where Are We and Where Do We Go?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-47, July.

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