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Investigation of Black-Starting and Islanding Capabilities of a Battery Energy Storage System Supplying a Microgrid Consisting of Wind Turbines, Impedance- and Motor-Loads

Author

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  • Jürgen Marchgraber

    (Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

  • Wolfgang Gawlik

    (Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

Microgrids are small scale electrical power systems that comprise distributed energy resources (DER), loads, and storage devices. The integration of DER into the electrical power system basically allows the clustering of small parts of the main grid into Microgrids. Due to the increasing amount of renewable energy, which is integrated into the main grid, high power fluctuations are expected to become common in the next years. This carries the risk of blackouts to be also more likely in the future. Microgrids hold the potential of increasing reliability of supply, since they are capable of providing a backup supply during a blackout of the main grid. This paper investigates the black-starting and islanding capabilities of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in order to provide a possible backup supply for a small part of the main grid. Based on field tests in a real Microgrid, the backup supply of a residential medium voltage grid is tested. Whereas local wind turbines within this grid section are integrated into this Microgrid during the field test, the supply of households is reproduced by artificial loads consisting of impedance- and motor loads, since a supply of real households carries a high risk of safety issues and open questions regarding legal responsibility. To operate other DER during the island operation of such a Microgrid, control mechanisms have to ensure the power capabilities and energy reserves of the BESS to be respected. Since the operation during a backup supply of such a Microgrid requires a simple implementation, this paper presents a simple master–slave control approach, which influences the power output of other DER based on frequency characteristics without the need for further communication. Besides the operation of other DER, the capability to handle load changes during island operation while ensuring acceptable power quality is crucial for such a Microgrid. With the help of artificial loads, significant load changes of the residential grid section are reproduced and their influence on power quality is investigated during the field tests. Besides these load changes, the implementation and behavior of the master–slave control approach presented in this paper is tested. To prepare these field tests, simulations in M a t l a b /S i m u l i n k are performed to select appropriate sizes for the artificial loads and to estimate the expected behavior during the field tests. The field tests prove that a backup supply of a grid section during a blackout of the main grid by a BESS is possible. By creating the possibility of operating other DER during this backup supply, based on the master–slave control approach presented in this paper, the maximum duration for this backup supply can be increased.

Suggested Citation

  • Jürgen Marchgraber & Wolfgang Gawlik, 2020. "Investigation of Black-Starting and Islanding Capabilities of a Battery Energy Storage System Supplying a Microgrid Consisting of Wind Turbines, Impedance- and Motor-Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:19:p:5170-:d:423817
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Bo & Zhang, Xuesong & Li, Peng & Wang, Ke & Xue, Meidong & Wang, Caisheng, 2014. "Optimal sizing, operating strategy and operational experience of a stand-alone microgrid on Dongfushan Island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1656-1666.
    2. Jürgen Marchgraber & Wolfgang Gawlik, 2020. "Dynamic Voltage Support of Converters during Grid Faults in Accordance with National Grid Code Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Arun Mambazhasseri Divakaran & Dean Hamilton & Krishna Nama Manjunatha & Manickam Minakshi, 2020. "Design, Development and Thermal Analysis of Reusable Li-Ion Battery Module for Future Mobile and Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
    4. Jürgen Marchgraber & Christian Alács & Yi Guo & Wolfgang Gawlik & Adolfo Anta & Alexander Stimmer & Martin Lenz & Manuel Froschauer & Michaela Leonhardt, 2020. "Comparison of Control Strategies to Realize Synthetic Inertia in Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-21, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jürgen Marchgraber & Wolfgang Gawlik, 2021. "Dynamic Prioritization of Functions during Real-Time Multi-Use Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-36, January.
    2. Maria Carmela Di Piazza, 2021. "Energy Management Systems for Optimal Operation of Electrical Micro/Nanogrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-3, December.
    3. Christian Hachmann & Holger Becker & Martin Braun, 2022. "Cold Load Pickup Model Adequacy for Power System Restoration Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Guodong Liu & Thomas B. Ollis & Maximiliano F. Ferrari & Aditya Sundararajan & Kevin Tomsovic, 2022. "Robust Scheduling of Networked Microgrids for Economics and Resilience Improvement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.

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