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Inspection of PN, CO 2 , and Regulated Gaseous Emissions Characteristics from a GDI Vehicle under Various Real-World Vehicle Test Modes

Author

Listed:
  • Kangjin Kim

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Wonyong Chung

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Myungsoo Kim

    (Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18247, Korea)

  • Charyung Kim

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
    Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18247, Korea)

  • Cha-Lee Myung

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Simsoo Park

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

Abstract

Although the chassis dynamometer type approval test considers real-world conditions, there are a few limitations to the experimental test environment that may affect gaseous or particulate emissions such as road conditions, traffic, decreasing tire pressure, or fluctuating ambient temperature. Furthermore, the real driving emission (RDE) test takes a long time, and it is too long to repeat under different experimental conditions. The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) test modes that reflect the driving pattern of Korea are not certification test modes, but can be used to evaluate the influence of traffic conditions because these modes consist of a total of 15 test modes that vary according to average speed. The use of the NIER #03, #09, and #13 modes as low-, medium-, and high-speed modes allow for gaseous and particulate emissions to be measured and analyzed. Additionally, the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP), the certification mode of Europe, is used to test cycles to investigate the difference under cold- and hot-engine start conditions. The engine operating parameters are also measured to evaluate the relationships between the various test conditions and test cycles. The regulated and greenhouse gas levels decrease under various driving conditions, but the particle number (PN) emission level shows a different trend with gaseous emissions. While the PN and CO 2 results dramatically increase when the air conditioner is on, tire pressure conditions show different PN size distributions: a large-sized PN fraction, which contains particles larger than 100 nm, increases and a sub-23 nm-sized PN fraction decreases. Under cold-start conditions in the WLTP modes, there are much higher PN emissions than that of an engine under hot-start conditions, and the sub-23-nm-sized PN fraction also increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Kangjin Kim & Wonyong Chung & Myungsoo Kim & Charyung Kim & Cha-Lee Myung & Simsoo Park, 2020. "Inspection of PN, CO 2 , and Regulated Gaseous Emissions Characteristics from a GDI Vehicle under Various Real-World Vehicle Test Modes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:10:p:2581-:d:360337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sina, Naser & Nasiri, Sayyad & Karkhaneh, Vahid, 2015. "Effects of resistive loads and tire inflation pressure on tire power losses and CO2 emissions in real-world conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 974-983.
    2. Charyung Kim & Hyunwoo Lee & Yongsung Park & Cha-Lee Myung & Simsoo Park, 2016. "Study on the Criteria for the Determination of the Road Load Correlation for Automobiles and an Analysis of Key Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, July.
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    5. Cho, Jaeho & Si, Woosung & Jang, Wonwook & Jin, Dongyoung & Myung, Cha-Lee & Park, Simsoo, 2015. "Impact of intermediate ethanol blends on particulate matter emission from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 592-602.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kazimierz Lejda & Artur Jaworski & Maksymilian Mądziel & Krzysztof Balawender & Adam Ustrzycki & Danylo Savostin-Kosiak, 2021. "Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Sascha Krysmon & Frank Dorscheidt & Johannes Claßen & Marc Düzgün & Stefan Pischinger, 2021. "Real Driving Emissions—Conception of a Data-Driven Calibration Methodology for Hybrid Powertrains Combining Statistical Analysis and Virtual Calibration Platforms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-27, August.
    3. Jacek Pielecha & Kinga Skobiej & Maciej Gis & Wojciech Gis, 2022. "Particle Number Emission from Vehicles of Various Drives in the RDE Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-20, September.

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