IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i8p1497-d224563.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Improved Frequency Dead Zone with Feed-Forward Control for Hydropower Units: Performance Evaluation of Primary Frequency Control

Author

Listed:
  • Hao An

    (The state key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
    School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Jiandong Yang

    (The state key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Weijia Yang

    (The state key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Yuanchu Cheng

    (School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Yumin Peng

    (China Southern Power Grid Power Generation Company, Guangzhou 510630, China)

Abstract

Due to the integration of more intermittent renewable energy into the power grid, the demand for frequency control in power systems has been on the rise, and primary frequency control of hydropower units plays an increasingly important role. This paper proposes an improved frequency dead zone with feed-forward control. The aim is to achieve a comprehensive performance of regulating rapidity, an assessment of integral quantity of electricity, and the wear and tear of hydropower units during primary frequency control, especially the unqualified performance of integral quantity of electricity assessment under frequency fluctuations with small amplitude. Based on a real hydropower plant with Kaplan units in China, this paper establishes the simulation model, which is verified by comparing experimental results. After that, based on the simulation of real power grid frequency fluctuations and a real hydropower plant case, the dynamic process of primary frequency control is evaluated for three aspects, which include speed, integral quantity of electricity, and wear and tear. The evaluation also includes the implementations of the three types of dead zones: common frequency dead zone, the enhanced frequency dead zone, and the improved frequency dead zone. The results of the study show that the improved frequency dead zone with feed-forward control increases the active power output under small frequency fluctuations. Additionally, it alleviates the wear and tear problem of the enhanced frequency dead zone in the premise of guaranteeing regulation speed and integral quantity of electricity. Therefore, the improved frequency dead zone proposed in this paper can improve the economic benefit of hydropower plants and reduce their maintenance cost. Accordingly, it has been successfully implemented in practical hydropower plants in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao An & Jiandong Yang & Weijia Yang & Yuanchu Cheng & Yumin Peng, 2019. "An Improved Frequency Dead Zone with Feed-Forward Control for Hydropower Units: Performance Evaluation of Primary Frequency Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1497-:d:224563
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1497/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1497/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pollitt, M. & Yang, C-H. & Chen, H., 2017. "Reforming the Chinese Electricity Supply Sector: Lessons from International Experience," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1713, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Catherine Mitchell, 2016. "Momentum is increasing towards a flexible electricity system based on renewables," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(2), pages 1-6, February.
    3. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin & Peng, Jinqing, 2015. "Pumped storage-based standalone photovoltaic power generation system: Modeling and techno-economic optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 649-659.
    4. Ming, Zeng & Ximei, Liu & Lilin, Peng, 2014. "The ancillary services in China: An overview and key issues," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 83-90.
    5. Ming, Bo & Liu, Pan & Guo, Shenglian & Zhang, Xiaoqi & Feng, Maoyuan & Wang, Xianxun, 2017. "Optimizing utility-scale photovoltaic power generation for integration into a hydropower reservoir by incorporating long- and short-term operational decisions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 432-445.
    6. Weijia Yang & Per Norrlund & Linn Saarinen & Adam Witt & Brennan Smith & Jiandong Yang & Urban Lundin, 2018. "Burden on hydropower units for short-term balancing of renewable power systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Saarinen, Linn & Yang, Jiandong & Guo, Wencheng & Zeng, Wei, 2016. "Wear and tear on hydro power turbines – Influence from primary frequency control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 88-95.
    8. Huang, Sy-Ruen & Chang, Pao-Long & Hwang, Ya-Wen & Ma, Yen-Huai, 2014. "Evaluating the productivity and financial feasibility of a vertical-axis micro-hydro energy generation project using operation simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 241-250.
    9. Chang, Martin K. & Eichman, Joshua D. & Mueller, Fabian & Samuelsen, Scott, 2013. "Buffering intermittent renewable power with hydroelectric generation: A case study in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1-11.
    10. Wang, Wenxiao & Li, Chaoshun & Liao, Xiang & Qin, Hui, 2017. "Study on unit commitment problem considering pumped storage and renewable energy via a novel binary artificial sheep algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 612-626.
    11. Guisández, Ignacio & Pérez-Díaz, Juan I. & Wilhelmi, José R., 2013. "Assessment of the economic impact of environmental constraints on annual hydropower plant operation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1332-1343.
    12. Aggidis, G.A. & Luchinskaya, E. & Rothschild, R. & Howard, D.C., 2010. "The costs of small-scale hydro power production: Impact on the development of existing potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2632-2638.
    13. Raineri, R. & Rios, S. & Schiele, D., 2006. "Technical and economic aspects of ancillary services markets in the electric power industry: an international comparison," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(13), pages 1540-1555, September.
    14. Brouwer, Anne Sjoerd & van den Broek, Machteld & Seebregts, Ad & Faaij, André, 2015. "Operational flexibility and economics of power plants in future low-carbon power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 107-128.
    15. Zhang, Sufang & Andrews-Speed, Philip & Li, Sitao, 2018. "To what extent will China's ongoing electricity market reforms assist the integration of renewable energy?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 165-172.
    16. Kishor, Nand & Saini, R.P. & Singh, S.P., 2007. "A review on hydropower plant models and control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(5), pages 776-796, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sergio Cantillo-Luna & Ricardo Moreno-Chuquen & Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt & Harold R. Chamorro, 2022. "A Type-2 Fuzzy Controller to Enable the EFR Service from a Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Weijia & Yang, Jiandong, 2019. "Advantage of variable-speed pumped storage plants for mitigating wind power variations: Integrated modelling and performance assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 720-732.
    2. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Bladh, Johan & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Hydraulic damping mechanism of low frequency oscillations in power systems: Quantitative analysis using a nonlinear model of hydropower plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1138-1152.
    3. Liu, Dong & Wang, Xin & Peng, Yunshui & Zhang, Hui & Xiao, Zhihuai & Han, Xiangdong & Malik, O.P., 2020. "Stability analysis of hydropower units under full operating conditions considering turbine nonlinearity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 723-742.
    4. Geng, Xinmin & Zhou, Ye & Zhao, Weiqiang & Shi, Li & Chen, Diyi & Bi, Xiaojian & Xu, Beibei, 2024. "Pricing ancillary service of a Francis hydroelectric generating system to promote renewable energy integration in a clean energy base: Tariff compensation of deep peak regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    5. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Chung, Chi Yung & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Eigen-analysis of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling mechanism for small signal stability of hydropower plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1014-1025.
    6. Xianxun Wang & Lihua Chen & Qijuan Chen & Yadong Mei & Hao Wang, 2018. "Model and Analysis of Integrating Wind and PV Power in Remote and Core Areas with Small Hydropower and Pumped Hydropower Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Saarinen, Linn & Yang, Jiandong & Guo, Wencheng & Zeng, Wei, 2016. "Wear and tear on hydro power turbines – Influence from primary frequency control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 88-95.
    8. Xu, Bin & Zhu, Feilin & Zhong, Ping-an & Chen, Juan & Liu, Weifeng & Ma, Yufei & Guo, Le & Deng, Xiaoliang, 2019. "Identifying long-term effects of using hydropower to complement wind power uncertainty through stochastic programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Chen, Hao & Cui, Jian & Song, Feng & Jiang, Zhigao, 2022. "Evaluating the impacts of reforming and integrating China's electricity sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    10. Toufani, Parinaz & Nadar, Emre & Kocaman, Ayse Selin, 2022. "Short-term assessment of pumped hydro energy storage configurations: Up, down, or closed?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 1086-1095.
    11. Li, Xudong & Yang, Weijia & Liao, Yiwen & Zhang, Shushu & Zheng, Yang & Zhao, Zhigao & Tang, Maojia & Cheng, Yongguang & Liu, Pan, 2024. "Short-term risk-management for hydro-wind-solar hybrid energy system considering hydropower part-load operating characteristics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    12. Huang, Sunhua & Zhou, Bin & Bu, Siqi & Li, Canbing & Zhang, Cong & Wang, Huaizhi & Wang, Tao, 2019. "Robust fixed-time sliding mode control for fractional-order nonlinear hydro-turbine governing system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 447-458.
    13. Tan, Qiaofeng & Wen, Xin & Sun, Yuanliang & Lei, Xiaohui & Wang, Zhenni & Qin, Guanghua, 2021. "Evaluation of the risk and benefit of the complementary operation of the large wind-photovoltaic-hydropower system considering forecast uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    14. Tan, Qiaofeng & Nie, Zhuang & Wen, Xin & Su, Huaying & Fang, Guohua & Zhang, Ziyi, 2024. "Complementary scheduling rules for hybrid pumped storage hydropower-photovoltaic power system reconstructing from conventional cascade hydropower stations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    15. Xinran Guo & Yuanchu Cheng & Jiada Wei & Yitian Luo, 2021. "Stability Analysis of Different Regulation Modes of Hydropower Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, March.
    16. Zhang, Tao & Li, Hong-Zhou & Xie, Bai-Chen, 2022. "Have renewables and market-oriented reforms constrained the technical efficiency improvement of China's electric grid utilities?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    17. Ping, Zuowei & Li, Xiuting & He, Wei & Yang, Tao & Yuan, Ye, 2020. "Sparse learning of network-reduced models for locating low frequency oscillations in power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    18. Zhang, Hongxuan & Lu, Zongxiang & Hu, Wei & Wang, Yiting & Dong, Ling & Zhang, Jietan, 2019. "Coordinated optimal operation of hydro–wind–solar integrated systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 883-896.
    19. Xinran Guo & Huaiyu Cheng & Hao Wang & Yuanchu Cheng & Mian Sun, 2019. "Analysis of the Power Fluctuations Caused by the Unstable Flow in the Trifurcation of Multi-Turbine Diversion Systems with Common Penstock in Hydropower Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Barroco, Jose, 2021. "Designing financeable ancillary services revenue contracts in developing economies: Learnings from the Philippines," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1497-:d:224563. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.