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Proof-of-Concept of Spent Mushrooms Compost Torrefaction—Studying the Process Kinetics and the Influence of Temperature and Duration on the Calorific Value of the Produced Biocoal

Author

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  • Ewa Syguła

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37/41 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Jacek A. Koziel

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Andrzej Białowiec

    (Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37/41 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
    Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

Abstract

Poland, being the 3rd largest and growing producer of mushrooms in the world, generates almost 25% of the total European production. The generation rate of waste mushroom spent compost ( MSC ) amounts to 5 kg per 1 kg of mushrooms produced. We proposed the MSC treatment via torrefaction for the production of solid fuel—biocoal. In this research, we examined the MSC torrefaction kinetics using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and we tested the influence of torrefaction temperature within the range from 200 to 300 °C and treatment time lasting from 20 to 60 min on the resulting biocoal’s (fuel) properties. The estimated value of the torrefaction activation energy of MSC was 22.3 kJ mol −1 . The highest calorific value = 17.9 MJ kg −1 d.m. was found for 280 °C (60 min torrefaction time). A significant ( p < 0.05) influence of torrefaction temperature on HHV increase within the same group of torrefaction duration, i.e., 20, 40, or 60 min, was observed. The torrefaction duration significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the HHV for 220 °C and decreased HHV for 300 °C. The highest mass yield (98.5%) was found for 220 °C (60 min), while the highest energy yield was found for 280 °C (60 min). In addition, estimations of the biocoal recirculation rate to maintain the heat self-sufficiency of MSC torrefaction were made. The net quantity of biocoal (torrefied MSC ; 65.3% moisture content) and the 280 °C (60 min) torrefaction variant was used. The initial mass and energy balance showed that MSC torrefaction might be feasible and self-sufficient for heat when ~43.6% of produced biocoal is recirculated to supply the heat for torrefaction. Thus, we have shown a concept for an alternative utilization of abundant biowaste ( MSC ). This research provides a basis for alternative use of an abundant biowaste and can help charting improved, sustainable mushroom production.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Syguła & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Proof-of-Concept of Spent Mushrooms Compost Torrefaction—Studying the Process Kinetics and the Influence of Temperature and Duration on the Calorific Value of the Produced Biocoal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:16:p:3060-:d:255958
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marta Dudek & Kacper Świechowski & Piotr Manczarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Jakub Pulka & Piotr Manczarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Bide Zhang & Mohammad Heidari & Bharat Regmi & Shakirudeen Salaudeen & Precious Arku & Mahendra Thimmannagari & Animesh Dutta, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Andrzej Białowiec & Monika Micuda & Jacek A. Koziel, 2018. "Waste to Carbon: Densification of Torrefied Refuse-Derived Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
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    2. Ewa Syguła & Kacper Świechowski & Małgorzata Hejna & Ines Kunaszyk & Andrzej Białowiec, 2021. "Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Analysis—Pyrolysis Kinetics and Decomposition Reactions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-27, July.
    3. Kacper Świechowski & Martyna Hnat & Paweł Stępień & Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska & Szymon Kugler & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2020. "Waste to Energy: Solid Fuel Production from Biogas Plant Digestate and Sewage Sludge by Torrefaction-Process Kinetics, Fuel Properties, and Energy Balance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-37, June.
    4. Carolina Restrepo Londoño & Alexander Giraldo Gil & Andrés Moreno & Pedro Nel Alvarado, 2024. "Valorization of Spent Mushroom Compost Through a Cascading Use Aproach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-26, October.

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