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The Proof-of-Concept: The Transformation of Naphthalene and Its Derivatives into Decalin and Its Derivatives during Thermochemical Processing of Sewage Sludge

Author

Listed:
  • Jacek Łyczko

    (Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jacek A. Koziel

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Chumki Banik

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Andrzej Białowiec

    (Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
    Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

One solution for sewage sludge (SS) management is thermochemical treatment due to torrefaction and pyrolysis with biochar production. SS biochar may contain toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to determine the process temperature’s influence on the qualitative PAHs emission from SS-biochar and the transformation of PAHs contained in SS. SS was torrefied/pyrolyzed under temperatures 200–600 °C with 1 h residence time. The headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analytical procedure of VOCs and PAHs emission was applied. The highest abundance of numerous VOCs was found for torrefaction ranges of temperature. The increase of temperatures to the pyrolytic range decreased the presence of VOCs and PAHs in biochar. The most common VOCs emitted from thermally processed SS were acetone, 2-methylfuran, 2-butanone, 3-metylbutanal, benzene, decalin, and acetic acid. The naphthalene present in SS converted to decalin (and other decalin derivatives), which may lead to SS biochar being considered hazardous material.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacek Łyczko & Jacek A. Koziel & Chumki Banik & Andrzej Białowiec, 2021. "The Proof-of-Concept: The Transformation of Naphthalene and Its Derivatives into Decalin and Its Derivatives during Thermochemical Processing of Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6479-:d:652970
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrzej Białowiec & Monika Micuda & Antoni Szumny & Jacek Łyczko & Jacek A. Koziel, 2019. "Waste to Carbon: Influence of Structural Modification on VOC Emission Kinetics from Stored Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Jakub Pulka & Piotr Manczarski & Jacek A. Koziel & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Andrzej Białowiec & Monika Micuda & Jacek A. Koziel, 2018. "Waste to Carbon: Densification of Torrefied Refuse-Derived Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    4. Daniel Meyer-Kohlstock & Thomas Haupt & Erik Heldt & Nils Heldt & Eckhard Kraft, 2016. "Biochar as Additive in Biogas-Production from Bio-Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-10, March.
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