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Impact of the Primary Break-Up Strategy on the Morphology of GDI Sprays in 3D-CFD Simulations of Multi-Hole Injectors

Author

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  • Simone Sparacino

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy)

  • Fabio Berni

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy)

  • Alessandro d’Adamo

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy)

  • Vesselin Krassimirov Krastev

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy)

  • Andrea Cavicchi

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Perugia, via Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Lucio Postrioti

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Perugia, via Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

The scientific literature focusing on the numerical simulation of fuel sprays is rich in atomization and secondary break-up models. However, it is well known that the predictive capability of even the most diffused models is affected by the combination of injection parameters and operating conditions, especially backpressure. In this paper, an alternative atomization strategy is proposed for the 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) sprays, aiming at extending simulation predictive capabilities over a wider range of operating conditions. In particular, attention is focused on the effects of back pressure, which has a remarkable impact on both the morphology and the sizing of GDI sprays. 3D-CFD Lagrangian simulations of two different multi-hole injectors are presented. The first injector is a 5-hole GDI prototype unit operated at ambient conditions. The second one is the well-known Spray G, characterized by a higher back pressure (up to 0.6 MPa). Numerical results are compared against experiments in terms of liquid penetration and Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) data of droplet sizing/velocity and imaging. CFD results are demonstrated to be highly sensitive to spray vessel pressure, mainly because of the atomization strategy. The proposed alternative approach proves to strongly reduce such dependency. Moreover, in order to further validate the alternative primary break-up strategy adopted for the initialization of the droplets, an internal nozzle flow simulation is carried out on the Spray G injector, able to provide information on the characteristic diameter of the liquid column exiting from the nozzle.

Suggested Citation

  • Simone Sparacino & Fabio Berni & Alessandro d’Adamo & Vesselin Krassimirov Krastev & Andrea Cavicchi & Lucio Postrioti, 2019. "Impact of the Primary Break-Up Strategy on the Morphology of GDI Sprays in 3D-CFD Simulations of Multi-Hole Injectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-24, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:15:p:2890-:d:252177
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Basha, Syed Ameer & Raja Gopal, K., 2009. "In-cylinder fluid flow, turbulence and spray models--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1620-1627, August.
    2. Mohsin Raza & Longfei Chen & Felix Leach & Shiting Ding, 2018. "A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-26, June.
    3. d'Adamo, A. & Breda, S. & Berni, F. & Fontanesi, S., 2019. "The potential of statistical RANS to predict knock tendency: Comparison with LES and experiments on a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 126-142.
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    1. Del Pecchia, Marco & Fontanesi, Stefano & Prager, Jens & Kralj, Cedomir & Lehtiniemi, Harry, 2020. "A threshold soot index-based fuel surrogate formulation methodology to mimic sooting tendency of real fuels in 3D-CFD simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. Roman Volkov & Timur Valiullin & Olga Vysokomornaya, 2021. "Spraying of Composite Liquid Fuels Based on Types of Coal Preparation Waste: Current Problems and Achievements: Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Robert Keser & Alberto Ceschin & Michele Battistoni & Hong G. Im & Hrvoje Jasak, 2020. "Development of a Eulerian Multi-Fluid Solver for Dense Spray Applications in OpenFOAM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-18, September.

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