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Application of Sulfated Tin (IV) Oxide Solid Superacid Catalyst to Partial Coupling Reaction of α-Pinene to Produce Less Viscous High-Density Fuel

Author

Listed:
  • Seong-Min Cho

    (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Chang-Young Hong

    (Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA)

  • Se-Yeong Park

    (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environment Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea)

  • Da-Song Lee

    (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • June-Ho Choi

    (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Bonwook Koo

    (Intelligent & Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Korea)

  • In-Gyu Choi

    (Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
    Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
    Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea)

Abstract

Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions of α-pinene have been studied because of their ability to produce various types of fragrance molecules. Beyond this application, dimeric hydrocarbon products produced from coupling reactions of α-pinene have been suggested as renewable high-density fuel molecules. In this context, this paper presents the application of a sulfated tin(IV) oxide catalyst for the partial coupling reaction of α-pinene from turpentine. Brønsted acid sites inherent in this solid superacid catalyst calcined at 550 °C successfully catalyzed the reaction, giving the largest yield of dimeric products (49.6%) at 120 °C over a reaction time of 4 h. Given that the low-temperature viscosity of the mentioned dimeric products is too high for their use as a fuel in transportation engines, lowering the viscosity is an important avenue of study. Therefore, our partial coupling reaction of α-pinene provides a possible solution as a considerable amount of the isomers of α-pinene still remained after the reaction, which reduces the low-temperature viscosity. On the basis of a comparison of the reaction products, a plausible mechanism for the reaction involving coinstantaneous isomerization and coupling reaction of α-pinene was elucidated.

Suggested Citation

  • Seong-Min Cho & Chang-Young Hong & Se-Yeong Park & Da-Song Lee & June-Ho Choi & Bonwook Koo & In-Gyu Choi, 2019. "Application of Sulfated Tin (IV) Oxide Solid Superacid Catalyst to Partial Coupling Reaction of α-Pinene to Produce Less Viscous High-Density Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:10:p:1905-:d:232358
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anand, B. Prem & Saravanan, C.G. & Srinivasan, C. Ananda, 2010. "Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 1179-1184.
    2. Arpa, O. & Yumrutas, R. & Alma, M.H., 2010. "Effects of turpentine and gasoline-like fuel obtained from waste lubrication oil on engine performance and exhaust emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3603-3613.
    3. Dubey, Pankaj & Gupta, Rajesh, 2018. "Influences of dual bio-fuel (Jatropha biodiesel and turpentine oil) on single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1294-1302.
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