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The Effect of Control Strategy on Tidal Stream Turbine Performance in Laboratory and Field Experiments

Author

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  • Carwyn Frost

    (School of Natural and Built Environment, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK)

  • Ian Benson

    (School of Natural and Built Environment, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK)

  • Penny Jeffcoate

    (Sustainable Marine Energy, Edinburgh EH6 6QW, UK)

  • Björn Elsäßer

    (Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI), Ports and Offshore Technology, Agern Allé 5, 2970 Hørsholm, Danmark)

  • Trevor Whittaker

    (School of Natural and Built Environment, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK)

Abstract

The first aim of the research presented here is to examine the effect of turbine control by comparing a passive open-loop control strategy with a constant rotational speed proportional–integral–derivative (PID) feedback loop control applied to the same experimental turbine. The second aim is to evaluate the effect of unsteady inflow on turbine performance by comparing results from a towing-tank, in the absence of turbulence, with results from the identical machine in a tidal test site. The results will also inform the reader of: (i) the challenges of testing tidal turbines in unsteady tidal flow conditions in comparison to the controlled laboratory environment; (ii) calibration of acoustic Doppler flow measurement instruments; (iii) characterising the inflow to a turbine and identifying the uncertainties from unsteady inflow conditions by adaptation of the International Electrotechnical Commission technical specification (IEC TS): 62600-200. The research shows that maintaining a constant rotational speed with a control strategy yields a 13.7% higher peak power performance curve in the unsteady flow environment, in comparison to an open-loop control strategy. The research also shows an 8.0% higher peak power performance in the lab compared to the field, demonstrating the effect of unsteady flow conditions on power performance. The research highlights the importance of a tidal turbines control strategy when designing experiments.

Suggested Citation

  • Carwyn Frost & Ian Benson & Penny Jeffcoate & Björn Elsäßer & Trevor Whittaker, 2018. "The Effect of Control Strategy on Tidal Stream Turbine Performance in Laboratory and Field Experiments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:6:p:1533-:d:152139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mason-Jones, A. & O'Doherty, D.M. & Morris, C.E. & O'Doherty, T. & Byrne, C.B. & Prickett, P.W. & Grosvenor, R.I. & Owen, I. & Tedds, S. & Poole, R.J., 2012. "Non-dimensional scaling of tidal stream turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 820-829.
    2. Mason-Jones, A. & O'Doherty, D.M. & Morris, C.E. & O'Doherty, T., 2013. "Influence of a velocity profile & support structure on tidal stream turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 23-30.
    3. Jeffcoate, Penny & Whittaker, Trevor & Boake, Cuan & Elsaesser, Bjoern, 2016. "Field tests of multiple 1/10 scale tidal turbines in steady flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 240-252.
    4. Mycek, Paul & Gaurier, Benoît & Germain, Grégory & Pinon, Grégory & Rivoalen, Elie, 2014. "Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. Part II: Two interacting turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 876-892.
    5. Mycek, Paul & Gaurier, Benoît & Germain, Grégory & Pinon, Grégory & Rivoalen, Elie, 2014. "Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. Part I: One single turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 729-746.
    6. Allmark, Matthew & Grosvenor, Roger & Prickett, Paul, 2017. "An approach to the characterisation of the performance of a tidal stream turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 849-860.
    7. Payne, Grégory S. & Stallard, Tim & Martinez, Rodrigo, 2017. "Design and manufacture of a bed supported tidal turbine model for blade and shaft load measurement in turbulent flow and waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 312-326.
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    Cited by:

    1. Magnus Harrold & Pablo Ouro, 2019. "Rotor Loading Characteristics of a Full-Scale Tidal Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Liu, Xiaodong & Feng, Bo & Liu, Di & Wang, Yiming & Zhao, Haitao & Si, Yulin & Zhang, Dahai & Qian, Peng, 2022. "Study on two-rotor interaction of counter-rotating horizontal axis tidal turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    3. Shoukat, G. & Gaurier, B. & Facq, J.-V. & Payne, G.S., 2022. "Experimental investigation of the influence of mast proximity on rotor loads for horizontal axis tidal turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 983-995.
    4. Stephanie Ordonez-Sanchez & Matthew Allmark & Kate Porter & Robert Ellis & Catherine Lloyd & Ivan Santic & Tim O’Doherty & Cameron Johnstone, 2019. "Analysis of a Horizontal-Axis Tidal Turbine Performance in the Presence of Regular and Irregular Waves Using Two Control Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Sentchev, Alexei & Thiébaut, Maxime & Schmitt, François G., 2020. "Impact of turbulence on power production by a free-stream tidal turbine in real sea conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1932-1940.

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