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Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Author

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  • Arnaud Devie

    (Maxim Integrated, San Jose, CA 95134, USA)

  • George Baure

    (Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Matthieu Dubarry

    (Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

Abstract

The use of lithium batteries for power and energy-hungry applications has risen drastically in recent years. For such applications, it is necessary to connect the batteries in large assemblies of cells in series and parallel. With a large number of cells operating together, it is necessary to understand their intrinsic variabilities, not only at the initial stage but also upon aging. In this study, we studied a batch of commercial cells to address their initial cell-to-cell variations and also the variations induced by cycling. To do so, we not only tracked several metrics associated with cell performance, the maximum capacity, the resistance, and the rate capability but also the degradation mechanism via a non-invasive quantification of the loss of lithium inventory (LLI), the loss of active material (LAM) and the kinetic degradation on both electrodes. We found that, even with small initial cell-to-cell variations, significant variations will be observed upon aging because the cells degrade at a different pace. We also observed that these variations were not correlated with the initial variations.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaud Devie & George Baure & Matthieu Dubarry, 2018. "Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1031-:d:142871
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ricardo Velho & Miguel Beirão & Maria Do Rosário Calado & José Pombo & João Fermeiro & Sílvio Mariano, 2017. "Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
    3. Zhang, Caiping & Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Cheng, Gong & Diao, Weiping & Zhang, Weige, 2017. "Study on battery pack consistency evolutions and equilibrium diagnosis for serial- connected lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 510-519.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Jorge Varela Barreras & Ricardo de Castro & Yihao Wan & Tomislav Dragicevic, 2021. "A Consensus Algorithm for Multi-Objective Battery Balancing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-25, July.
    3. David Beck & Philipp Dechent & Mark Junker & Dirk Uwe Sauer & Matthieu Dubarry, 2021. "Inhomogeneities and Cell-to-Cell Variations in Lithium-Ion Batteries, a Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-25, June.
    4. Fan, Guodong & Zhang, Xi, 2023. "Battery capacity estimation using 10-second relaxation voltage and a convolutional neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    5. George Baure & Matthieu Dubarry, 2020. "Durability and Reliability of EV Batteries under Electric Utility Grid Operations: Impact of Frequency Regulation Usage on Cell Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, May.
    6. Evelina Wikner & Raik Orbay & Sara Fogelström & Torbjörn Thiringer, 2022. "Gender Aspects in Driving Style and Its Impact on Battery Ageing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    7. Rogers, Daniel J. & Aslett, Louis J.M. & Troffaes, Matthias C.M., 2021. "Modelling of modular battery systems under cell capacity variation and degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    8. Xiaohong Wang & Shixiang Li & Lizhi Wang & Yaning Sun & Zhongxing Wang, 2020. "Degradation and Dependence Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack in the Unbalanced State," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-25, November.
    9. Lijun Zhang & Zhongqiang Mu & Xiangyu Gao, 2018. "Coupling Analysis and Performance Study of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries under Conditions of Temperature and Vibration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, October.

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