IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i8p2086-d163129.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ventilation System Influence on Hydrogen Explosion Hazards in Industrial Lead-Acid Battery Rooms

Author

Listed:
  • Dorota Brzezińska

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Stefana Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

When charging most types of industrial lead-acid batteries, hydrogen gas is emitted. A large number of batteries, especially in relatively small areas/enclosures, and in the absence of an adequate ventilation system, may create an explosion hazard. This paper describes full scale tests, which demonstrate conditions that can occur in a battery room in the event of a ventilation system breakdown. Over the course of the tests, full scale hydrogen emission experiments were performed to study emission time and flammable cloud formation according to the assumed emission velocity. On this basis, the characteristics of dispersion of hydrogen in the battery room were obtained. The CFD model Fire Dynamic Simulator created by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was used for confirmation that the lack of ventilation in a battery room can be the cause of an explosive atmosphere developing, and leading to, a potential huge explosive hazard. It was demonstrated that different ventilation systems provide battery rooms with varying efficiencies of hydrogen removal. The most effective type appeared to be natural ventilation, which proved more effective than mechanical means.

Suggested Citation

  • Dorota Brzezińska, 2018. "Ventilation System Influence on Hydrogen Explosion Hazards in Industrial Lead-Acid Battery Rooms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-11, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2086-:d:163129
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/2086/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/2086/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Facci, Andrea L. & Cigolotti, Viviana & Jannelli, Elio & Ubertini, Stefano, 2017. "Technical and economic assessment of a SOFC-based energy system for combined cooling, heating and power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 563-574.
    2. Minhwan Seo & Taedong Goh & Minjun Park & Sang Woo Kim, 2018. "Detection Method for Soft Internal Short Circuit in Lithium-Ion Battery Pack by Extracting Open Circuit Voltage of Faulted Cell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Stefano Ubertini & Andrea Luigi Facci & Luca Andreassi, 2017. "Hybrid Hydrogen and Mechanical Distributed Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
    5. Emilio Palazzi & Fabio Currò & Bruno Fabiano, 2013. "Accidental Continuous Releases from Coal Processing in Semi-Confined Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-20, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andrea Luigi Facci & Marco Lauricella & Sauro Succi & Vittorio Villani & Giacomo Falcucci, 2021. "Optimized Modeling and Design of a PCM-Enhanced H 2 Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Iolanda Saviuc & Herbert Peremans & Steven Van Passel & Kevin Milis, 2019. "Economic Performance of Using Batteries in European Residential Microgrids under the Net-Metering Scheme," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-28, January.
    3. Luna, M. & Di Piazza, M.C. & La Tona, G. & Accetta, A. & Pucci, M., 2021. "Exploiting dynamic modeling, parameter identification, and power electronics to implement a non-dissipative Li-ion battery hardware emulator," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 48-65.
    4. Polverino, Pierpaolo & Sorrentino, Marco & Pianese, Cesare, 2017. "A model-based diagnostic technique to enhance faults isolability in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1198-1214.
    5. Ghorbanzadeh, Milad & Astaneh, Majid & Golzar, Farzin, 2019. "Long-term degradation based analysis for lithium-ion batteries in off-grid wind-battery renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1194-1206.
    6. Parlikar, Anupam & Truong, Cong Nam & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2021. "The carbon footprint of island grids with lithium-ion battery systems: An analysis based on levelized emissions of energy supply," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    7. Li, Shuangqi & Zhao, Pengfei & Gu, Chenghong & Huo, Da & Zeng, Xianwu & Pei, Xiaoze & Cheng, Shuang & Li, Jianwei, 2022. "Online battery-protective vehicle to grid behavior management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    8. Parlikar, Anupam & Schott, Maximilian & Godse, Ketaki & Kucevic, Daniel & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2023. "High-power electric vehicle charging: Low-carbon grid integration pathways with stationary lithium-ion battery systems and renewable generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    9. Chang, Huawei & Wan, Zhongmin & Zheng, Yao & Chen, Xi & Shu, Shuiming & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa & Chen, Rui & Wang, Xiaodong, 2017. "Energy- and exergy-based working fluid selection and performance analysis of a high-temperature PEMFC-based micro combined cooling heating and power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 446-458.
    10. Polleux, Louis & Guerassimoff, Gilles & Marmorat, Jean-Paul & Sandoval-Moreno, John & Schuhler, Thierry, 2022. "An overview of the challenges of solar power integration in isolated industrial microgrids with reliability constraints," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    11. Lee, Young Duk & Ahn, Kook Young & Morosuk, Tatiana & Tsatsaronis, George, 2018. "Exergetic and exergoeconomic evaluation of an SOFC-Engine hybrid power generation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 810-822.
    12. del Horno, L. & Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2020. "Exhaustive closed loop behavior of an one degree of freedom first-generation device for harnessing energy from marine currents," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    13. Li, Yang & Vilathgamuwa, Mahinda & Choi, San Shing & Farrell, Troy W. & Tran, Ngoc Tham & Teague, Joseph, 2019. "Development of a degradation-conscious physics-based lithium-ion battery model for use in power system planning studies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 512-525.
    14. Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2018. "A strategic analysis of tidal current energy conversion systems in the European Union," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 527-551.
    15. Wilke, Christoph & Bensmann, Astrid & Martin, Stefan & Utz, Annika & Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard, 2018. "Optimal design of a district energy system including supply for fuel cell electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 129-144.
    16. Giuliano Rancilio & Alexandre Lucas & Evangelos Kotsakis & Gianluca Fulli & Marco Merlo & Maurizio Delfanti & Marcelo Masera, 2019. "Modeling a Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Power Grid Application Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-26, August.
    17. Förster, Robert & Kaiser, Matthias & Wenninger, Simon, 2023. "Future vehicle energy supply - sustainable design and operation of hybrid hydrogen and electric microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    18. Zhang, Guangxu & Wei, Xuezhe & Tang, Xuan & Zhu, Jiangong & Chen, Siqi & Dai, Haifeng, 2021. "Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    19. Matthew Gough & Sérgio F. Santos & Mohammed Javadi & Rui Castro & João P. S. Catalão, 2020. "Prosumer Flexibility: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review and Scientometric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-32, May.
    20. Edoardo De Din & Fabian Bigalke & Marco Pau & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2021. "Analysis of a Multi-Timescale Framework for the Voltage Control of Active Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2086-:d:163129. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.