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Application-Oriented Optimal Shift Schedule Extraction for a Dual-Motor Electric Bus with Automated Manual Transmission

Author

Listed:
  • Mingjie Zhao

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Junhui Shi

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Cheng Lin

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Junzhi Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

The conventional battery electric buses (BEBs) have limited potential to optimize the energy consumption and reach a better dynamic performance. A practical dual-motor equipped with 4-speed Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) propulsion system is proposed, which can eliminate the traction interruption in conventional AMT. A discrete model of the dual-motor-AMT electric bus (DMAEB) is built and used to optimize the gear shift schedule. Dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is applied to find the optimal results where the efficiency and shift time of each gear are considered to handle the application problem of global optimization. A rational penalty factor and a proper shift time delay based on bench test results are set to reduce the shift frequency by 82.5% in Chinese-World Transient Vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC). Two perspectives of applicable shift rule extraction methods, i.e., the classification method based on optimal operating points and clustering method based on optimal shifting points, are explored and compared. Eventually, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure and extracted shift schedule can realize a significant improvement in reducing energy loss by 20.13% compared to traditional empirical strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Mingjie Zhao & Junhui Shi & Cheng Lin & Junzhi Zhang, 2018. "Application-Oriented Optimal Shift Schedule Extraction for a Dual-Motor Electric Bus with Automated Manual Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:325-:d:129926
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Zhenzhen & Zhou, Jun & Rizzoni, Giorgio, 2022. "A review of architectures and control strategies of dual-motor coupling powertrain systems for battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    2. Rui Xiong & Suleiman M. Sharkh & Xi Zhang, 2018. "Research Progress on Electric and Intelligent Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-5, July.
    3. Andrzej Łebkowski, 2019. "Studies of Energy Consumption by a City Bus Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Variable Road Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-39, March.
    4. Louback, Eduardo & Biswas, Atriya & Machado, Fabricio & Emadi, Ali, 2024. "A review of the design process of energy management systems for dual-motor battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    5. Lin, Cheng & Zhao, Mingjie & Pan, Hong & Yi, Jiang, 2019. "Blending gear shift strategy design and comparison study for a battery electric city bus with AMT," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Zhao, Mingjie & Shi, Junhui & Lin, Cheng, 2019. "Optimization of integrated energy management for a dual-motor coaxial coupling propulsion electric city bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 21-34.
    7. Cao, Kaibin & Hu, Minghui & Chen, Shuang & Xiao, Zongxin, 2024. "Dynamic torque coordination control of dual-motor all-wheel drive axles to suppress the longitudinal jerk of the vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).

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