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The Role of Charging Infrastructure in Electric Vehicle Implementation within Smart Grids

Author

Listed:
  • Qing Kong

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Michael Fowler

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Evgueniy Entchev

    (CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, Canada)

  • Hajo Ribberink

    (CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, Canada)

  • Robert McCallum

    (Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada)

Abstract

In the integration of electric vehicle (EV) fleets into the smart grid context, charging infrastructure serves as the interlinkage between EV fleets and the power grid and, as such, affects the impacts of EV operation on the smart grid. In this study, the impacts of charging infrastructure on the effectiveness of different EV operational modes were simulated using a multi-component modelling approach, which accounts for both stochastic EV fleet charging behaviors as well as optimal energy vector dispatch operation. Moreover, a campus microgrid case study was presented to demonstrate the various design factors and impacts of charging infrastructure implementation affecting EV fleet adoption and operation. Based on results from the study, it was shown that charging infrastructure should be adopted in excess of the minimum required to satisfy EV charging for driving needs. In addressing uncontrolled charging behaviors, additional charging infrastructure improves EV owner convenience and reduces queuing duration. Meanwhile, controlled charging strategies benefit from increased resilience against uncertain charging behavior and operate more optimally in systems subject to time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing. Lastly, it was demonstrated that successful vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation requires charging infrastructure to emulate the availability and fast response characteristics of stationary energy storage systems, which translates to excess charging port availability, long EV plug-in durations, and bi-directional power flow capabilities well beyond the level 2 charging standard.

Suggested Citation

  • Qing Kong & Michael Fowler & Evgueniy Entchev & Hajo Ribberink & Robert McCallum, 2018. "The Role of Charging Infrastructure in Electric Vehicle Implementation within Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3362-:d:186916
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    4. Tiande Mo & Yu Li & Kin-tak Lau & Chi Kin Poon & Yinghong Wu & Yang Luo, 2022. "Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-34, August.
    5. Christian Thiel & Andreea Julea & Beatriz Acosta Iborra & Nerea De Miguel Echevarria & Emanuela Peduzzi & Enrico Pisoni & Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez & Jette Krause, 2019. "Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, June.
    6. Sheeraz Iqbal & Salman Habib & Noor Habib Khan & Muhammad Ali & Muhammad Aurangzeb & Emad M. Ahmed, 2022. "Electric Vehicles Aggregation for Frequency Control of Microgrid under Various Operation Conditions Using an Optimal Coordinated Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-25, March.
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