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Evaluation of the Air Oxygen Enrichment Effects on Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines at Various Loads and Pilot Fuel Quantities

Author

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  • Roussos G. Papagiannakis

    (Thermodynamic & Propulsion Systems Section, Aeronautical Sciences Department, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Dekelia Air Force Base, 1010 Dekelia, Attiki, Greece)

  • Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos

    (Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Department of Thermal Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece)

  • Constantine D. Rakopoulos

    (Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Department of Thermal Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The use of natural gas (NG) as supplement of the normal diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) environments (Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel, NG/DDF), seems to present an answer towards reducing soot or particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in existing and future diesel engine vehicles. The benefits for the environment can be even higher, as recently NG quality gas can be produced from biomass (bio-methane or bio-CNG or ‘green gas’). However, this engine type where the main fuel is the gaseous one and the diesel liquid fuel constitutes the ignition source (pilot), experiences higher specific energy consumption (SEC), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) emissions compared to the conventional (normal) diesel one, with these adverse effects becoming more apparent under partial load operation conditions. Apart from using bio-fuels as pilot fuel, it is anticipated that air oxygen enrichment—addition of oxygen in the intake air—can mitigate (at least partly) the associated negative results, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay. Therefore, the present work strives to investigate the effects of various degrees of oxygen enrichment on the combustion, performance, and emissions of such a NG/DDF engine, operated under various loads and pilot (diesel fuel) quantities. The study is carried out by using an in-house, comprehensive, computational model, which is a two-zone (phenomenological) one. The accuracy of the modeling results are tested by using related experimental data from the literature, acquired in an experimental investigation conducted on a naturally aspirated, light-duty, NG/DDF engine. The computational study is extended to include various pilot fuel quantities, attempting to identify the influence of the examined parameters and witness advantages and disadvantages. The study results demonstrate that the air oxygen enrichment reduces the specific energy consumption and CO emissions, by accelerating the burning rate and reducing the ignition delay (as revealed by the cylinder pressure and rate of heat release diagrams), without impairing seriously the soot and NO emissions. The conclusions of the specific investigation are much useful, particularly if wished to identify the optimum combination of the parameters under examination for improving the overall performance of existing CI engines functioning under natural gas/diesel fuel operating mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Roussos G. Papagiannakis & Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2018. "Evaluation of the Air Oxygen Enrichment Effects on Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines at Various Loads and Pilot Fuel Quantities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-25, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:3028-:d:180514
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D., 2016. "Combustion noise radiation during dynamic diesel engine operation including effects of various biofuel blends: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1099-1113.
    2. Abdelaal, Mohsen M. & Rabee, Basem A. & Hegab, Abdelrahman H., 2013. "Effect of adding oxygen to the intake air on a dual-fuel engine performance, emissions, and knock tendency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 612-620.
    3. Papong, Seksan & Rotwiroon, Paritta & Chatchupong, Thawach & Malakul, Pomthong, 2014. "Life cycle energy and environmental assessment of bio-CNG utilization from cassava starch wastewater treatment plants in Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 64-69.
    4. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Michos, C.N. & Giakoumis, E.G., 2008. "Availability analysis of a syngas fueled spark ignition engine using a multi-zone combustion model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1378-1398.
    5. Selim, Mohamed Y.E. & Radwan, M.S. & Saleh, H.E., 2008. "Improving the performance of dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from jojoba seeds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1173-1185.
    6. Banapurmath, N.R. & Tewari, P.G. & Hosmath, R.S., 2008. "Experimental investigations of a four-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine operated on dual fuel mode with producer gas as inducted fuel and Honge oil and its methyl ester (HOME) as i," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 2007-2018.
    7. Sahoo, B.B. & Sahoo, N. & Saha, U.K., 2009. "Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines--A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1151-1184, August.
    8. Roussos G. Papagiannakis & Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2017. "Theoretical Study of the Effects of Spark Timing on the Performance and Emissions of a Light-Duty Spark Ignited Engine Running under Either Gasoline or Ethanol or Butanol Fuel Operating Modes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
    9. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Mavropoulos, George C. & Kosmadakis, George M., 2018. "Investigating the EGR rate and temperature impact on diesel engine combustion and emissions under various injection timings and loads by comprehensive two-zone modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 990-1014.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gvidonas Labeckas & Stasys Slavinskas & Irena Kanapkienė, 2019. "Study of the Effects of Biofuel-Oxygen of Various Origins on a CRDI Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-49, April.
    2. Jingrui Li & Jietuo Wang & Teng Liu & Jingjin Dong & Bo Liu & Chaohui Wu & Ying Ye & Hu Wang & Haifeng Liu, 2019. "An Investigation of the Influence of Gas Injection Rate Shape on High-Pressure Direct-Injection Natural Gas Marine Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-18, July.

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