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Life cycle energy and environmental assessment of bio-CNG utilization from cassava starch wastewater treatment plants in Thailand

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  • Papong, Seksan
  • Rotwiroon, Paritta
  • Chatchupong, Thawach
  • Malakul, Pomthong

Abstract

Global warming, energy security, and the rising costs of oil have added a greater driving force to the development of feasible alternatives to petroleum-based transportation fuels. In parallel, wastes and wastewater generated from various industries should be avoided or converted to energy more in the future in order to reduce environmental problems and provide additional sources of energy. In this aspect, biogas plant is an effective option where gas is produced biologically by the fermentation of animal dungs, sewage, and agricultural residues. To utilize biogas as a transportation fuel, raw biogas has to undergo two major processes: cleaning and upgrading, to achieve natural gas quality. The upgraded biogas (so called bio-methane or bio-CNG) is considered green fuel with respect to environment, climate, and human health. However, the resulting bio-CNG from the processes still needs to be evaluated in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and energy aspects. This paper presents the integrated life cycle energy and environmental assessment of compressed bio-methane gas (CBG or bio-CNG) generated from cassava starch wastewater treatment plant in Thailand. The functional units were set to be 1 MJ of bio-CNG and 1 km of vehicle driven. The system boundary covered six main steps: digestion, purification and upgrading, compression, distribution, refueling, and combustion. The energy analysis result showed that the net energy ratio was higher than one, indicating a net energy gain. For the greenhouse gases aspect, the results showed that the biogas production and biogas upgrading step had the highest impact due to methane loss and high energy consumption. Comparing with other fuels, the global warming potential of bio-CNG was lower than those of fossil-based CNG and gasoline.

Suggested Citation

  • Papong, Seksan & Rotwiroon, Paritta & Chatchupong, Thawach & Malakul, Pomthong, 2014. "Life cycle energy and environmental assessment of bio-CNG utilization from cassava starch wastewater treatment plants in Thailand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 64-69.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:65:y:2014:i:c:p:64-69
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.07.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Patterson, Tim & Esteves, Sandra & Dinsdale, Richard & Guwy, Alan, 2011. "An evaluation of the policy and techno-economic factors affecting the potential for biogas upgrading for transport fuel use in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1806-1816, March.
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    1. Channappagoudra, Manjunath & Ramesh, K. & Manavendra, G., 2020. "Effect of injection timing on modified direct injection diesel engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1019-1032.
    2. Roussos G. Papagiannakis & Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos & Constantine D. Rakopoulos, 2018. "Evaluation of the Air Oxygen Enrichment Effects on Combustion and Emissions of Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines at Various Loads and Pilot Fuel Quantities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-25, November.
    3. Kadam, Rahul & Panwar, N.L., 2017. "Recent advancement in biogas enrichment and its applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 892-903.
    4. Alessia Amato & Konstantina Tsigkou & Alessandro Becci & Francesca Beolchini & Nicolò M. Ippolito & Francesco Ferella, 2023. "Life Cycle Assessment of Biomethane vs. Fossil Methane Production and Supply," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-18, June.
    5. Channappagoudra, Manjunath, 2020. "Comparative study of baseline and modified engine performance operated with dairy scum biodiesel and Bio-CNG," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 604-618.
    6. Meneses-Jácome, Alexander & Diaz-Chavez, Rocío & Velásquez-Arredondo, Héctor I. & Cárdenas-Chávez, Diana L. & Parra, Roberto & Ruiz-Colorado, Angela A., 2016. "Sustainable Energy from agro-industrial wastewaters in Latin-America," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1249-1262.

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