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Protection Coordination of Properly Sized and Placed Distributed Generations–Methods, Applications and Future Scope

Author

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  • Sunny Katyara

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Airport Road, Delhi Muslim Housing Society, Sukkur, Sindh 65200, Pakistan)

  • Lukasz Staszewski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, W. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-570 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Leonowicz

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, W. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-570 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

The radial distribution networks are designed for unidirectional power flows and are passive in nature. However, with the penetration of Distributed Generation (DG), the power flow becomes bidirectional and the network becomes active. The integration of DGs into distribution network creates many issues with: system stability, protection coordination, power quality, islanding, proper placement and sizing etc. Among these issues, the two most significant are optimal sizing and placement of DGs and their protection coordination in utility network. The proper coordination of relays with high penetration of DGs placed at optimal location increases the availability and reliability of the network during abnormal operating conditions. This research addresses most of the available methods for efficient sizing and placement of DGs in distribution system (numerical, analytical and heuristic) as well as the developed protection coordination techniques for utility networks in the presence of DGs (Artificial Intelligence (AI), adaptive and non-adaptive, multi-agent, hybrid). This paper indicates the possible research gaps and highlights the applications possibilities and methods’ limitations in the area of DGs.

Suggested Citation

  • Sunny Katyara & Lukasz Staszewski & Zbigniew Leonowicz, 2018. "Protection Coordination of Properly Sized and Placed Distributed Generations–Methods, Applications and Future Scope," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2672-:d:174163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Pejman Peidaee & Akhtar Kalam & Juan Shi, 2020. "Integration of a Heuristic Multi-Agent Protection System into a Distribution Network Interconnected with Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Muhammad Umair Safder & Mohammad J. Sanjari & Ameer Hamza & Rasoul Garmabdari & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Junwei Lu, 2023. "Enhancing Microgrid Stability and Energy Management: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-28, September.
    3. Sergio Danilo Saldarriaga-Zuluaga & Jesús María López-Lezama & Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano, 2020. "Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrids Considering a Non-Standard Characteristic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Huy, Phung Dang & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying & Tan, Kang Miao & Ekanayake, Janaka B., 2020. "Optimal placement, sizing and power factor of distributed generation: A comprehensive study spanning from the planning stage to the operation stage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).

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