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Analysis of On-Board Photovoltaics for a Battery Electric Bus and Their Impact on Battery Lifespan

Author

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  • Kevin R. Mallon

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Francis Assadian

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Bo Fu

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

Abstract

Heavy-duty electric powertrains provide a potential solution to the high emissions and low fuel economy of trucks, buses, and other heavy-duty vehicles. However, the cost, weight, and lifespan of electric vehicle batteries limit the implementation of such vehicles. This paper proposes supplementing the battery with on-board photovoltaic modules. In this paper, a bus model is created to analyze the impact of on-board photovoltaics on electric bus range and battery lifespan. Photovoltaic systems that cover the bus roof and bus sides are considered. The bus model is simulated on a suburban bus drive cycle on a bus route in Davis, CA, USA for a representative sample of yearly weather conditions. Roof-mounted panels increased vehicle driving range by 4.7% on average annually, while roof and side modules together increased driving range by 8.9%. However, variations in weather conditions meant that this additional range was not reliably available. For constant vehicle range, rooftop photovoltaic modules extended battery cycle life by up to 10% while modules on both the roof and sides extended battery cycle life by up to 19%. Although side-mounted photovoltaics increased cycle life and range, they were less weight- and cost-effective compared to the roof-mounted panels.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin R. Mallon & Francis Assadian & Bo Fu, 2017. "Analysis of On-Board Photovoltaics for a Battery Electric Bus and Their Impact on Battery Lifespan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-31, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:7:p:943-:d:103920
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