IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i8p1560-d225679.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel-Leon Schultis

    (Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

The PV hosting capacity of low voltage feeders is restricted by voltage and current limits, and in many cases, voltage limit violations are the limiting factor for photovoltaic integration. To control the voltage, local Volt/var control strategies absorb or inject reactive power, provoking an additional current. This study analyzes the hosting capacity increase potential and the associated additional grid losses of local cos φ ( P )- and Q ( U )-control of photovoltaic inverters, and of local L ( U )-control of inductive devices and its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers. Therefore, four theoretical and one real low voltage test-feeders with distinct structures are considered: long overhead line, short overhead line, long cable, short cable and branched cable. While the theoretical test-feeders host homogeneously distributed PV-plants, the real one hosts heterogeneously distributed PV-plants. Each test-feeder is used to conduct load flow simulations in the presence of no-control and the different control strategies separately, while gradually increasing the PV-penetration. The minimum PV-penetration that provokes voltage or current limit violations is compared for the different control strategies and test-feeders. Simulation results of the theoretical test-feeders show that the hosting capacity increase potential of all local Volt/var control strategies is higher for the overhead line feeders than for the cable ones. Local L ( U )-control, especially its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of all low voltage test-feeders significantly. The PV-inverter-based local Volt/var control strategies, i.e., Q ( U )- and cos φ ( P )-control, enable lower hosting capacity increases; in particular, cos φ ( P )-control causes high additional currents, allowing the feeder to host only a relatively small PV-module rating per prosumer. Q ( U )- and cos φ ( P )-control are not sufficient to increase the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly; they provoke high additional grid losses for the overhead line test-feeders. Meanwhile, L ( U )-control, especially its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly, causing high additional grid losses during peak production of PV-plants. Regarding the real test-feeder with heterogeneously distributed PV-plants, on the one hand, the same trend concerning the HC increase prevails for the real branched cable test-feeder as for the theoretical short cable one. On the other hand, higher losses occur for the branched feeder in the case of L ( U )-control and its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, due to the lower voltage set-points that have to be used for the inductive devices. All in all, the use of local L ( U )-control, whether combined with Q -Autarkic prosumers or not, enables the effective and complete utilization of the existing radial low voltage feeders.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel-Leon Schultis, 2019. "Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1560-:d:225679
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1560/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1560/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Benoît Bletterie & Serdar Kadam & Herwig Renner, 2018. "On the Classification of Low Voltage Feeders for Network Planning and Hosting Capacity Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Manditereza, Patrick Tendayi & Bansal, Ramesh, 2016. "Renewable distributed generation: The hidden challenges – A review from the protection perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1457-1465.
    3. Aadil Latif & Wolfgang Gawlik & Peter Palensky, 2016. "Quantification and Mitigation of Unfairness in Active Power Curtailment of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Using Sensitivity Based Coordinated Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mariano G. Ippolito & Fabio Massaro & Rossano Musca & Gaetano Zizzo, 2021. "An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Rajabi, A. & Elphick, S. & David, J. & Pors, A. & Robinson, D., 2022. "Innovative approaches for assessing and enhancing the hosting capacity of PV-rich distribution networks: An Australian perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    3. Daniel-Leon Schultis & Albana Ilo, 2021. "Effect of Individual Volt/var Control Strategies in LINK -Based Smart Grids with a High Photovoltaic Share," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-31, September.
    4. Valentin Ilea & Cristian Bovo & Davide Falabretti & Marco Merlo & Carlo Arrigoni & Roberto Bonera & Marco Rodolfi, 2020. "Voltage Control Methodologies in Active Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-32, June.
    5. Miha Grabner & Andrej Souvent & Nermin Suljanović & Andrej Košir & Boštjan Blažič, 2019. "Probabilistic Methodology for Calculating PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks Using Actual Building Roof Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Daniel-Leon Schultis & Albana Ilo, 2019. "Behaviour of Distribution Grids with the Highest PV Share Using the Volt/Var Control Chain Strategy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Chathurangi, D. & Jayatunga, U. & Perera, S. & Agalgaonkar, A.P. & Siyambalapitiya, T., 2021. "Comparative evaluation of solar PV hosting capacity enhancement using Volt-VAr and Volt-Watt control strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1063-1075.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. A.S. Jameel Hassan & Umar Marikkar & G.W. Kasun Prabhath & Aranee Balachandran & W.G. Chaminda Bandara & Parakrama B. Ekanayake & Roshan I. Godaliyadda & Janaka B. Ekanayake, 2021. "A Sensitivity Matrix Approach Using Two-Stage Optimization for Voltage Regulation of LV Networks with High PV Penetration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Razavi, Seyed-Ehsan & Rahimi, Ehsan & Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh & Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel & Lotfi, Mohamed & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2019. "Impact of distributed generation on protection and voltage regulation of distribution systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 157-167.
    3. Muhammed Sait Aydin & Sahban W. Alnaser & Sereen Z. Althaher, 2022. "Using OLTC-Fitted Distribution Transformer to Increase Residential PV Hosting Capacity: Decentralized Voltage Management Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Yang, Chao & Yao, Wei & Fang, Jiakun & Ai, Xiaomeng & Chen, Zhe & Wen, Jinyu & He, Haibo, 2019. "Dynamic event-triggered robust secondary frequency control for islanded AC microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 821-836.
    5. Kotowicz, Janusz & Bartela, Łukasz & Węcel, Daniel & Dubiel, Klaudia, 2017. "Hydrogen generator characteristics for storage of renewably-generated energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 156-171.
    6. Tobias Rösch & Peter Treffinger & Barbara Koch, 2020. "Remuneration of Distribution Grids for Enhanced Regenerative Electricity Deployment—An Analysis and Model for the Analysis of Grid Structures in Southern Germany Using Linear Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-26, October.
    7. Hirase, Yuko & Abe, Kensho & Sugimoto, Kazushige & Sakimoto, Kenichi & Bevrani, Hassan & Ise, Toshifumi, 2018. "A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 699-710.
    8. Peng Tian & Zetao Li & Zhenghang Hao, 2019. "A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Adaptive Control Strategy and Coordination Technology Compatible with Feeder Automation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-21, November.
    9. David R. Garibello-Narváez & Eduardo Gómez-Luna & Juan C. Vasquez, 2024. "Performance Evaluation of Distance Relay Operation in Distribution Systems with Integrated Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-17, September.
    10. Ma, Chenjie & Menke, Jan-Hendrik & Dasenbrock, Johannes & Braun, Martin & Haslbeck, Matthias & Schmid, Karl-Heinz, 2019. "Evaluation of energy losses in low voltage distribution grids with high penetration of distributed generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    11. Kakran, Sandeep & Chanana, Saurabh, 2018. "Smart operations of smart grids integrated with distributed generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 524-535.
    12. Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2017. "Renewable electricity consumption and economic development: New findings from the Baltic countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 450-463.
    13. Salima Abeid & Yanting Hu & Feras Alasali & Naser El-Naily, 2022. "Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-29, July.
    14. Shin-Ki Hong & Sung Gu Lee & Myungchin Kim, 2020. "Assessment and Mitigation of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand Impact to Transformer Aging for an Apartment Complex," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
    15. Fabio Bignucolo & Alberto Cerretti & Massimiliano Coppo & Andrea Savio & Roberto Turri, 2017. "Impact of Distributed Generation Grid Code Requirements on Islanding Detection in LV Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, January.
    16. Hirase, Y. & Noro, O. & Nakagawa, H. & Yoshimura, E. & Katsura, S. & Abe, K. & Sugimoto, K. & Sakimoto, K., 2018. "Decentralised and interlink-less power interchange among residences in microgrids using virtual synchronous generator control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2437-2447.
    17. Shobole, Abdulfetah Abdela & Wadi, Mohammed, 2021. "Multiagent systems application for the smart grid protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    18. Daniel-Leon Schultis, 2022. "Effective Volt/var Control for Low Voltage Grids with Bulk Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-30, March.
    19. Zubo, Rana.H.A. & Mokryani, Geev & Rajamani, Haile-Selassie & Aghaei, Jamshid & Niknam, Taher & Pillai, Prashant, 2017. "Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1177-1198.
    20. EL-Shimy, M. & Mostafa, N. & Afandi, A.N. & Sharaf, A.M. & Attia, Mahmoud A., 2018. "Impact of load models on the static and dynamic performances of grid-connected wind power plants: A comparative analysis," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 91-108.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1560-:d:225679. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.