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Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders

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  • Daniel-Leon Schultis

    (Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

The PV hosting capacity of low voltage feeders is restricted by voltage and current limits, and in many cases, voltage limit violations are the limiting factor for photovoltaic integration. To control the voltage, local Volt/var control strategies absorb or inject reactive power, provoking an additional current. This study analyzes the hosting capacity increase potential and the associated additional grid losses of local cos φ ( P )- and Q ( U )-control of photovoltaic inverters, and of local L ( U )-control of inductive devices and its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers. Therefore, four theoretical and one real low voltage test-feeders with distinct structures are considered: long overhead line, short overhead line, long cable, short cable and branched cable. While the theoretical test-feeders host homogeneously distributed PV-plants, the real one hosts heterogeneously distributed PV-plants. Each test-feeder is used to conduct load flow simulations in the presence of no-control and the different control strategies separately, while gradually increasing the PV-penetration. The minimum PV-penetration that provokes voltage or current limit violations is compared for the different control strategies and test-feeders. Simulation results of the theoretical test-feeders show that the hosting capacity increase potential of all local Volt/var control strategies is higher for the overhead line feeders than for the cable ones. Local L ( U )-control, especially its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of all low voltage test-feeders significantly. The PV-inverter-based local Volt/var control strategies, i.e., Q ( U )- and cos φ ( P )-control, enable lower hosting capacity increases; in particular, cos φ ( P )-control causes high additional currents, allowing the feeder to host only a relatively small PV-module rating per prosumer. Q ( U )- and cos φ ( P )-control are not sufficient to increase the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly; they provoke high additional grid losses for the overhead line test-feeders. Meanwhile, L ( U )-control, especially its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly, causing high additional grid losses during peak production of PV-plants. Regarding the real test-feeder with heterogeneously distributed PV-plants, on the one hand, the same trend concerning the HC increase prevails for the real branched cable test-feeder as for the theoretical short cable one. On the other hand, higher losses occur for the branched feeder in the case of L ( U )-control and its combination with Q -Autarkic prosumers, due to the lower voltage set-points that have to be used for the inductive devices. All in all, the use of local L ( U )-control, whether combined with Q -Autarkic prosumers or not, enables the effective and complete utilization of the existing radial low voltage feeders.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel-Leon Schultis, 2019. "Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:8:p:1560-:d:225679
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manditereza, Patrick Tendayi & Bansal, Ramesh, 2016. "Renewable distributed generation: The hidden challenges – A review from the protection perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1457-1465.
    2. Aadil Latif & Wolfgang Gawlik & Peter Palensky, 2016. "Quantification and Mitigation of Unfairness in Active Power Curtailment of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Using Sensitivity Based Coordinated Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Benoît Bletterie & Serdar Kadam & Herwig Renner, 2018. "On the Classification of Low Voltage Feeders for Network Planning and Hosting Capacity Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, March.
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    1. Mariano G. Ippolito & Fabio Massaro & Rossano Musca & Gaetano Zizzo, 2021. "An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Rajabi, A. & Elphick, S. & David, J. & Pors, A. & Robinson, D., 2022. "Innovative approaches for assessing and enhancing the hosting capacity of PV-rich distribution networks: An Australian perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    3. Daniel-Leon Schultis & Albana Ilo, 2021. "Effect of Individual Volt/var Control Strategies in LINK -Based Smart Grids with a High Photovoltaic Share," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-31, September.
    4. Valentin Ilea & Cristian Bovo & Davide Falabretti & Marco Merlo & Carlo Arrigoni & Roberto Bonera & Marco Rodolfi, 2020. "Voltage Control Methodologies in Active Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-32, June.
    5. Miha Grabner & Andrej Souvent & Nermin Suljanović & Andrej Košir & Boštjan Blažič, 2019. "Probabilistic Methodology for Calculating PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks Using Actual Building Roof Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Daniel-Leon Schultis & Albana Ilo, 2019. "Behaviour of Distribution Grids with the Highest PV Share Using the Volt/Var Control Chain Strategy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Chathurangi, D. & Jayatunga, U. & Perera, S. & Agalgaonkar, A.P. & Siyambalapitiya, T., 2021. "Comparative evaluation of solar PV hosting capacity enhancement using Volt-VAr and Volt-Watt control strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1063-1075.

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