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On the Energy Efficiency of Dual Clutch Transmissions and Automated Manual Transmissions

Author

Listed:
  • Fabio Vacca

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Stefano De Pinto

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
    McLaren Automotive Ltd, Woking GU21 4YH, UK)

  • Ahu Ece Hartavi Karci

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Patrick Gruber

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

  • Fabio Viotto

    (Oerlikon Graziano S.p.A., 10098 Rivoli, Italy)

  • Carlo Cavallino

    (Oerlikon Graziano S.p.A., 10098 Rivoli, Italy)

  • Jacopo Rossi

    (Oerlikon Graziano S.p.A., 10098 Rivoli, Italy)

  • Aldo Sorniotti

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK)

Abstract

The main benefits of dual clutch transmissions (DCTs) are: (i) a higher energy efficiency than automatic transmission systems with torque converters; and (ii) the capability to fill the torque gap during gear shifts to allow seamless longitudinal acceleration profiles. Therefore, DCTs are viable alternatives to automated manual transmissions (AMTs). For vehicles equipped with engines that can generate considerable torque, large clutch-slip energy losses occur during power-on gear shifts and, as a result, DCTs need wet clutches for effective heat dissipation. This requirement substantially reduces DCT efficiency because of the churning and ancillary power dissipations associated with the wet clutch pack. To the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to analyse the detailed power loss contributions of a DCT with wet clutches, and their relative significance along a set of driving cycles. Based on these results, a novel hybridised AMT (HAMT) with a single dry clutch and an electric motor is proposed for the same vehicle. The HAMT architecture combines the high mechanical efficiency typical of AMTs with a single dry clutch, with the torque-fill capability and operational flexibility allowed by the electric motor. The measured efficiency maps of a case study DCT and HAMT are compared. This is then complemented by the analysis of the respective fuel consumption along the driving cycles, which is simulated with an experimentally validated vehicle model. In its internal combustion engine mode, the HAMT reduces fuel consumption by >9% with respect to the DCT.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Vacca & Stefano De Pinto & Ahu Ece Hartavi Karci & Patrick Gruber & Fabio Viotto & Carlo Cavallino & Jacopo Rossi & Aldo Sorniotti, 2017. "On the Energy Efficiency of Dual Clutch Transmissions and Automated Manual Transmissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:10:p:1562-:d:114616
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cedric De Cauwer & Wouter Verbeke & Thierry Coosemans & Saphir Faid & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2017. "A Data-Driven Method for Energy Consumption Prediction and Energy-Efficient Routing of Electric Vehicles in Real-World Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Laura Tribioli, 2017. "Energy-Based Design of Powertrain for a Re-Engineered Post-Transmission Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Francesco Bottiglione & Stefano De Pinto & Giacomo Mantriota & Aldo Sorniotti, 2014. "Energy Consumption of a Battery Electric Vehicle with Infinitely Variable Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-21, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Petar Georgiev & Giovanni De Filippis & Patrick Gruber & Aldo Sorniotti, 2023. "On the Benefits of Active Aerodynamics on Energy Recuperation in Hybrid and Fully Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Hyoung-Jong Ahn & Young-Jun Park & Su-Chul Kim & Chanho Choi, 2023. "Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Studies of Power Loss in Dual-Clutch Transmission of Agricultural Tractors," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. de Salvo Junior, Orlando & Saraiva de Souza, Maria Tereza & Vaz de Almeida, Flávio G., 2021. "Implementation of new technologies for reducing fuel consumption of automobiles in Brazil according to the Brazilian Vehicle Labelling Programme," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Salvo, Orlando de & Vaz de Almeida, Flávio G., 2019. "Influence of technologies on energy efficiency results of official Brazilian tests of vehicle energy consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 98-112.

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