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Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Jarosław Mamala

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Michał Śmieja

    (Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Prażnowski

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

Abstract

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO 2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg·m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg·m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg·m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg·m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO 2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Jarosław Mamala & Michał Śmieja & Krzysztof Prażnowski, 2021. "Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3966-:d:587165
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Gloria Pignatta & Navid Balazadeh, 2022. "Hybrid Vehicles as a Transition for Full E-Mobility Achievement in Positive Energy Districts: A Comparative Assessment of Real-Driving Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Zewen Meng & Tiezhu Zhang & Hongxin Zhang & Qinghai Zhao & Jian Yang, 2021. "Energy Management Strategy for an Electromechanical-Hydraulic Coupled Power Electric Vehicle Considering the Optimal Speed Threshold," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Andrzej Ziółkowski & Paweł Fuć & Aleks Jagielski & Maciej Bednarek & Szymon Konieczka, 2023. "Comparison of the Energy Consumption and Exhaust Emissions between Hybrid and Conventional Vehicles, as Well as Electric Vehicles Fitted with a Range Extender," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Grzegorz Koszalka & Paweł Krzaczek, 2022. "Energy Losses Related to Ring Pack Wear in Gasoline Car Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.

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