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Germination and Seedling Development Responses of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds to Temperature and Different Levels of Water Availability

Author

Listed:
  • Asma Haj Sghaier

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Hussein Khaeim

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
    Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq)

  • Ákos Tarnawa

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Gergő Péter Kovács

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Csaba Gyuricza

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

  • Zoltán Kende

    (Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary)

Abstract

Abiotic variables are crucial for seed germination and seedling development. In the present work, we attempted to determine the optimal conditions (temperature, water, seed density, and fungal growth) for sunflower seed development ( Helianthus annus L. Larissza). The germination of sunflower seeds was investigated under controlled conditions at eight consistent temperatures: 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C. For the water test, there were 12 water levels based on one-milliliter intervals and 18 water levels based on thousand kernel weight (TKW). In addition, four seed densities (6, 8, 10, and 12) and two antifungal application techniques (sterilization and growing medium) were examined. The results showed that temperature has a significant effect on seed germination, germination timing, and seedling development. Temperatures between 15 and 35 degrees Celsius were optimal for germination, with 25 degrees Celsius being the optimal temperature for significant germination and seedling development. Beginning at 0.6 mL, or 125% of the TKW, sunflower seeds can germinate under a wide range of water availability. The optimal range for seedling development (8.2–11.4) is wider than the optimal range for dry matter accumulation, which is 5.8–8.2 mL or 1000–1625% of the TKW. The finding that a density of 10 to 12 seeds per 9 cm Petri dish demonstrates the most exceptional values is advantageous for future research and breeding projects, particularly when seeds are scarce. Seed priming is a more effective antifungal application technique than other techniques.

Suggested Citation

  • Asma Haj Sghaier & Hussein Khaeim & Ákos Tarnawa & Gergő Péter Kovács & Csaba Gyuricza & Zoltán Kende, 2023. "Germination and Seedling Development Responses of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds to Temperature and Different Levels of Water Availability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:3:p:608-:d:1085108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hussein Khaeim & Zoltán Kende & István Balla & Csaba Gyuricza & Adnan Eser & Ákos Tarnawa, 2022. "The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Hussain, Mubshar & Farooq, Shahid & Hasan, Waseem & Ul-Allah, Sami & Tanveer, Mohsin & Farooq, Muhammad & Nawaz, Ahmad, 2018. "Drought stress in sunflower: Physiological effects and its management through breeding and agronomic alternatives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 152-166.
    3. Viola Kunos & Mónika Cséplő & Diána Seress & Adnan Eser & Zoltán Kende & Andrea Uhrin & Judit Bányai & József Bakonyi & Magda Pál & Klára Mészáros, 2022. "The Stimulation of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Activity and Its Relation with the Pyrenophora teres f. teres Infection in Different Barley Genotypes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Drebee, Hayder Abbas & Abdul Razak, Nor Azam, 2018. "Measuring the Efficiency of Colleges at the University of Al-Qadisiyah-Iraq: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(3), pages 153-166.
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