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The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

Author

Listed:
  • Hussein Khaeim

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

  • Zoltán Kende

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

  • István Balla

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

  • Csaba Gyuricza

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

  • Adnan Eser

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

  • Ákos Tarnawa

    (Agronomy Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary)

Abstract

Temperature and moisture are essential factors in germination and seedling growth. The purpose of this research was to assess the germination and growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under various abiotic stressors. It was conducted in the Agronomy Institute of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary. Six distinct temperature levels were used: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Stresses of drought and waterlogging were quantified using 25 water levels based on single-milliliter intervals and as a percentage based on thousand kernel weight (TKW). Seedling density was also tested. Temperature significantly influenced germination duration and seedling development. 20 °C was ideal with optimal range of 15 °C to less than 25 °C. Germination occurred at water amount of 75% of the TKW, and its ideal range was lower and narrower than the range for seedling development. Seed size provided an objective basis for defining germination water requirements. The current study established an optimal water supply range for wheat seedling growth of 525–825 percent of the TKW. Fifteen seeds within a 9 cm Petri dish may be preferred to denser populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussein Khaeim & Zoltán Kende & István Balla & Csaba Gyuricza & Adnan Eser & Ákos Tarnawa, 2022. "The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:3887-:d:779667
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Viola Kunos & Mónika Cséplő & Diána Seress & Adnan Eser & Zoltán Kende & Andrea Uhrin & Judit Bányai & József Bakonyi & Magda Pál & Klára Mészáros, 2022. "The Stimulation of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Activity and Its Relation with the Pyrenophora teres f. teres Infection in Different Barley Genotypes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Zhu, Mengjie & Wang, Quanjiu & Sun, Yan & Zhang, Jihong, 2021. "Effects of oxygenated brackish water on germination and growth characteristics of wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Noriza Khalid & Ákos Tarnawa & István Balla & Suhana Omar & Rosnani Abd Ghani & Márton Jolánkai & Zoltán Kende, 2023. "Combination Effect of Temperature and Salinity Stress on Germination of Different Maize ( Zea mays L.) Varieties," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Balázs Varga, 2023. "Plant Breeding Supporting the Sustainable Field Crop Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-5, February.
    3. Asma Haj Sghaier & Hussein Khaeim & Ákos Tarnawa & Gergő Péter Kovács & Csaba Gyuricza & Zoltán Kende, 2023. "Germination and Seedling Development Responses of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds to Temperature and Different Levels of Water Availability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, March.

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