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Under Natural Field Conditions, Exogenous Application of Moringa Organ Water Extract Enhanced the Growth- and Yield-Related Traits of Barley Accessions

Author

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  • Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir

    (Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq)

  • Djshwar Dhahir Lateef

    (Biotechnology and Crop Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq)

  • Kamil Mahmud Mustafa

    (Biotechnology and Crop Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq)

  • Kamaran Salh Rasul

    (Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq)

Abstract

Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is the preferred crop in arid regions, particularly for farmers with limited agricultural resources and low income. Typically, it is utilized for human consumption, animal feed, and malting. The discovery of natural (organic) sources of biostimulants has attracted a great deal of interest for crop productivity enhancement. Using a randomized complete block design with three main blocks, it was our aim to investigate the effects of foliar moringa ( Moringa oleifera L.) organ extract (MOE) on the growth and yield components of a collection of barley accessions grown in Iraq. As indicated by the obtained results, almost all traits associated with barley growth and yield productivity were significantly enhanced by MOE application, relative to the respective control condition. The majority of barley accessions responded positively to the MOE treatment based on all studied traits (with the exception of 1000-kernel weight). According to the results of principal component analysis (PCA), the distribution of accessions on the two components under the MOE application was distinct from the distribution of accessions under control conditions, indicating that accessions responded differently to the MOE application. In addition, the distribution pattern of traits under MOE treatment was comparable to the distribution pattern of traits under the control condition, with the exception of two traits: total yield and 1000-kernel weight. AC5 and AC18 responded positively to the MOE application by possessing the highest total yield and harvest index values. The total yield trait registered the highest increasing value index (37.55%) based on the trait response index, followed by the straw weight (22.29%), tillering number per plant (21.44%), and spike number per plant (21.36%), while the spike length trait registered the lowest increasing value index (0.45%), compared to the traits under control conditions. So far, the results indicate that foliar application of MOE can be utilized effectively as a natural growth promoter to increase the growth and yield productivity of grown barley accessions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir & Djshwar Dhahir Lateef & Kamil Mahmud Mustafa & Kamaran Salh Rasul, 2022. "Under Natural Field Conditions, Exogenous Application of Moringa Organ Water Extract Enhanced the Growth- and Yield-Related Traits of Barley Accessions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:9:p:1502-:d:918530
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ken E. Giller & Thomas Delaune & João Vasco Silva & Katrien Descheemaeker & Gerrie Ven & Antonius G.T. Schut & Mark Wijk & James Hammond & Zvi Hochman & Godfrey Taulya & Regis Chikowo & Sudha Narayana, 2021. "The future of farming: Who will produce our food?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(5), pages 1073-1099, October.
    2. Abd El-Mageed, Taia A. & Semida, Wael M. & Rady, Mostafa M., 2017. "Moringa leaf extract as biostimulant improves water use efficiency, physio-biochemical attributes of squash plants under deficit irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 46-54.
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    1. Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir & Kamaran Salh Rasul & Djshwar Dhahir Lateef & Florian M. W. Grundler, 2022. "Effects of Oak Leaf Extract, Biofertilizer, and Soil Containing Oak Leaf Powder on Tomato Growth and Biochemical Characteristics under Water Stress Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Daniele Del Buono & Luca Regni & Primo Proietti, 2023. "Abiotic Stresses, Biostimulants and Plant Activity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-5, January.
    3. Nita Yuniati & Kusumiyati Kusumiyati & Syariful Mubarok & Bambang Nurhadi, 2023. "Assessment of Biostimulant Derived from Moringa Leaf Extract on Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Green Chili Pepper," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Jingyi Liu & Xiande Li & Junmao Sun, 2023. "China-Australia Trade Relations and China’s Barley Imports," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, July.

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