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The Method and Timing of Weed Control Affect the Productivity of Intercropped Maize ( Zea mays L.) and Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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  • Sabine Andert

    (Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Satower Straße 48, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

Intercropping results in high overall system productivity on a given piece of land due to the efficient use of available plant growth resources. Weed control in intercropping systems is, however, still a challenge. This study focuses on the effect of the type of weed control (chemical/mechanical) and the timing of chemical herbicide application (pre-emergence/post-emergence) on weed control and crop productivity in a maize bean mixture. For this purpose, the results of a three-year field experiment (2017 to 2019) in northeast Germany will be presented. The experimental setup included a control, three chemical methods, and one mechanical method of weed control. Except for the mechanical treatment, a completely randomized block design was established. Weeds were assessed at BBCH 12 of the maize, immediately before the first weed control treatments to estimate the initial weed infestation, and twice in the six to eight leaf stage of the maize. The weed coverage (%) was estimated. The maize bean mixture was harvested and yields (t ha −1 ) were measured. The results confirm that the type of weed control, as well as the timing of herbicide application, significantly affects the weed coverage of the maize bean mixture. The most successful weed control strategy was the double chemical herbicide application, in which chemical herbicides are in used pre-emergence beans (BBCH 12 maize) and post-emergence beans (BBCH 12 bean). Weed coverage was reduced by up to 75% using this most effective herbicide strategy and by up to 61% through mechanical weed control, compared to the control. The additional effects of post-emergence treatment on the pre-emergence herbicide control resulted in a 16.5% weed coverage decline. The yield surplus of double chemical herbicide application (pre/post-emergence) was up to 53%, and for the mechanical weed control up to 23%. Additionally, post-emergence herbicide use in intercropped maize and bean resulted in a 16% yield surplus, compared to the single pre-emergence chemical weed control. Optimal timing of weed control during the most sensitive phenology stages of the maize bean mixture is crucial for productivity. The results of this study provide an additional option for suitable weed control of intercropped maize and bean.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabine Andert, 2021. "The Method and Timing of Weed Control Affect the Productivity of Intercropped Maize ( Zea mays L.) and Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:5:p:380-:d:541728
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liina Nurk & Rüdiger Graß & Carola Pekrun & Michael Wachendorf, 2017. "Effect of Sowing Method and Weed Control on the Performance of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Intercropped with Climbing Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
    3. Steven Rose & Elmar Kriegler & Ruben Bibas & Katherine Calvin & Alexander Popp & Detlef Vuuren & John Weyant, 2014. "Bioenergy in energy transformation and climate management," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 123(3), pages 477-493, April.
    4. K. Ann Bybee-Finley & Matthew R. Ryan, 2018. "Advancing Intercropping Research and Practices in Industrialized Agricultural Landscapes," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-24, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Villwock & Sabine Kurz & Jens Hartung & Maria Müller-Lindenlauf, 2022. "Effects of Stand Density and N Fertilization on the Performance of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Intercropped with Climbing Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Piotr Rybacki & Przemysław Przygodziński & Andrzej Osuch & Andrzej Blecharczyk & Ryszard Walkowiak & Ewa Osuch & Ireneusz Kowalik, 2021. "The Technology of Precise Application of Herbicides in Onion Field Cultivation," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, June.

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