IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/worbus/v54y2019i1p54-65.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

International business and human rights: A research agenda

Author

Listed:
  • Wettstein, Florian
  • Giuliani, Elisa
  • Santangelo, Grazia D.
  • Stahl, Günter K.

Abstract

The discussion on business responsibilities for human rights is thriving – although, surprisingly, predominantly outside of the International Business (IB) field. This article introduces business and human rights (BHR) as a research area with great potential for IB scholars. IB scholarship has much to offer when it comes to better understanding the relation between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and human rights. BHR, on the other hand, is a field that can no longer be ignored by IB research if the field is to remain at the forefront of scholarship in globalization-related issues concerning MNEs. Therefore, this perspective article aims at providing guidance to IB scholars interested in engaging in BHR research by tracing common themes and overlaps, and outlining a research agenda that addresses some of the research gaps and open questions in both fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Wettstein, Florian & Giuliani, Elisa & Santangelo, Grazia D. & Stahl, Günter K., 2019. "International business and human rights: A research agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 54-65.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:worbus:v:54:y:2019:i:1:p:54-65
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2018.10.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090951618303535
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.10.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Björn Fasterling & Geert Demuijnck, 2013. "Human Rights in the Void? Due Diligence in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 116(4), pages 799-814, September.
    2. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Chuck C Y Kwok & Solomon Tadesse, 2006. "The MNC as an agent of change for host-country institutions: FDI and corruption," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(6), pages 767-785, November.
    4. Vanessa M Strike & Jijun Gao & Pratima Bansal, 2006. "Being good while being bad: social responsibility and the international diversification of US firms," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(6), pages 850-862, November.
    5. Valentina Marano & Peter Tashman & Tatiana Kostova, 2017. "Escaping the iron cage: Liabilities of origin and CSR reporting of emerging market multinational enterprises," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(3), pages 386-408, April.
    6. Santangelo, Grazia D., 2018. "The impact of FDI in land in agriculture in developing countries on host country food security," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 75-84.
    7. Rosalie L Tung & Günter K Stahl, 2018. "The tortuous evolution of the role of culture in IB research: What we know, what we don’t know, and where we are headed," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(9), pages 1167-1189, December.
    8. McCORQUODALE, Robert & SMIT, Lise & NEELY, Stuart & BROOKS, Robin, 2017. "Human Rights Due Diligence in Law and Practice: Good Practices and Challenges for Business Enterprises §," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 195-224, July.
    9. Peter J Buckley & Jonathan P Doh & Mirko H Benischke, 2017. "Towards a renaissance in international business research? Big questions, grand challenges, and the future of IB scholarship," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(9), pages 1045-1064, December.
    10. Jonathan Doh & Suzana Rodrigues & Ayse Saka-Helmhout & Mona Makhija, 2017. "International business responses to institutional voids," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(3), pages 293-307, April.
    11. Robert McCorquodale, 2009. "Corporate Social Responsibility and International Human Rights Law," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 87(2), pages 385-400, August.
    12. WERHANE, Patricia H, 2016. "Corporate Moral Agency and the Responsibility to Respect Human Rights in the UN Guiding Principles: Do Corporations Have Moral Rights?," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 5-20, January.
    13. Peter Romilly, 2007. "Business and climate change risk: a regional time series analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(3), pages 474-480, May.
    14. Maoliang Bu & Marcus Wagner, 2016. "Racing to the bottom and racing to the top: The crucial role of firm characteristics in foreign direct investment choices," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(9), pages 1032-1057, December.
    15. Durand , Rodolphe & Jacqueminet , Anne, 2015. "Peer Conformity, Attention, and Heterogeneous Implementation of Practices in MNEs," HEC Research Papers Series 1098, HEC Paris.
    16. Arnold, Denis G., 2010. "Transnational Corporations and the Duty to Respect Basic Human Rights," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 371-399, July.
    17. Kobrin, Stephen J., 2009. "Private Political Authority and Public Responsibility: Transnational Politics, Transnational Firms, and Human Rights," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(3), pages 349-374, July.
    18. Wood, Stepan, 2012. "The Case for Leverage-Based Corporate Human Rights Responsibility," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 63-98, January.
    19. Hart, Oliver & Zingales, Luigi, 2017. "Companies Should Maximize Shareholder Welfare Not Market Value," Journal of Law, Finance, and Accounting, now publishers, vol. 2(2), pages 247-275, November.
    20. Bryan W Husted & David B Allen, 2006. "Corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise: strategic and institutional approaches," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(6), pages 838-849, November.
    21. Wettstein, Florian, 2012. "CSR and the Debate on Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Great Divide," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(4), pages 739-770, October.
    22. Cragg, Wesley, 2012. "Ethics, Enlightened Self-Interest, and the Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights: A Critical Look at the Justificatory Foundations of the UN Framework," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 9-36, January.
    23. METHVEN O’BRIEN, Claire & MEHRA, Amol & BLACKWELL, Sara & POULSEN-HANSEN, Cathrine Bloch, 2016. "National Action Plans: Current Status and Future Prospects for a New Business and Human Rights Governance Tool," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 117-126, January.
    24. Giuliani, Elisa & Santangelo, Grazia D. & Wettstein, Florian, 2016. "Human Rights and International Business Research: A Call for Studying Emerging Market Multinationals," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(3), pages 631-637, September.
    25. Kolk, Ans, 2016. "The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 23-34.
    26. Ken McPhail & John Ferguson, 2016. "The past, the present and the future of accounting for human rights," Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(4), pages 526-541, May.
    27. BRENKERT, George G, 2016. "Business Ethics and Human Rights: An Overview," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(2), pages 277-306, July.
    28. Elisa Giuliani & Chiara Macchi, 2014. "Multinational corporations’ economic and human rights impacts on developing countries: a review and research agenda," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 38(2), pages 479-517.
    29. van der Have, Robert P. & Rubalcaba, Luis, 2016. "Social innovation research: An emerging area of innovation studies?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(9), pages 1923-1935.
    30. Rodolphe Durand & Anne Jacqueminet, 2015. "Peer conformity, attention, and heterogeneous implementation of practices in MNEs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 46(8), pages 917-937, October.
    31. Peter Lund‐Thomsen & Khalid Nadvi, 2010. "Global value chains, local collective action and corporate social responsibility: a review of empirical evidence," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, January.
    32. HSIEH, Nien-hê, 2017. "Business Responsibilities for Human Rights: A Commentary on Arnold," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 297-309, July.
    33. Judith Schrempf-Stirling & Florian Wettstein, 2017. "Beyond Guilty Verdicts: Human Rights Litigation and its Impact on Corporations’ Human Rights Policies," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 145(3), pages 545-562, October.
    34. David Griggs & Mark Stafford-Smith & Owen Gaffney & Johan Rockström & Marcus C. Öhman & Priya Shyamsundar & Will Steffen & Gisbert Glaser & Norichika Kanie & Ian Noble, 2013. "Sustainable development goals for people and planet," Nature, Nature, vol. 495(7441), pages 305-307, March.
    35. Ozlem Arikan & Juliane Reinecke & Crawford Spence & Kevin Morrell, 2017. "Signposts or Weathervanes? The Curious Case of Corporate Social Responsibility and Conflict Minerals," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 146(3), pages 469-484, December.
    36. Jodi L. Short & Michael W. Toffel & Andrea R. Hugill, 2016. "Monitoring global supply chains," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(9), pages 1878-1897, September.
    37. Perks, Rachel, 2012. "How can public–private partnerships contribute to security and human rights policy and practice in the extractive industries? A case study of The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 251-260.
    38. GRAF, Andreas & IFF, Andrea, 2017. "Respecting Human Rights in Conflict Regions: How to Avoid the ‘Conflict Spiral’," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 109-133, January.
    39. Lutz Preuss & Donna Brown, 2012. "Business Policies on Human Rights: An Analysis of Their Content and Prevalence Among FTSE 100 Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 109(3), pages 289-299, September.
    40. ARNOLD, Denis G, 2016. "Corporations and Human Rights Obligations," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(2), pages 255-275, July.
    41. Dan Caprar & Benjamin Neville, 2012. "“Norming” and “Conforming”: Integrating Cultural and Institutional Explanations for Sustainability Adoption in Business," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 110(2), pages 231-245, October.
    42. Christopher Wright, 2012. "Global Banks, the Environment, and Human Rights: The Impact of the Equator Principles on Lending Policies and Practices," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 12(1), pages 56-77, February.
    43. Islam, Muhammad Azizul & McPhail, Ken, 2011. "Regulating for corporate human rights abuses: The emergence of corporate reporting on the ILO's human rights standards within the global garment manufacturing and retail industry," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 22(8), pages 790-810.
    44. FASTERLING, Björn, 2017. "Human Rights Due Diligence as Risk Management: Social Risk Versus Human Rights Risk," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 225-247, July.
    45. John Ruggie, 2008. "Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights," Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, MIT Press, vol. 3(2), pages 189-212, April.
    46. KAMMINGA, Menno T., 2016. "Company Responses to Human Rights Reports: An Empirical Analysis," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 95-110, January.
    47. Smith, Katherine Taken & Betts, Teresa, 2015. "Your company may unwittingly be conducting business with human traffickers: How can you prevent this?," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 225-234.
    48. Foo Ho & Hui-Ming Wang & Scott Vitell, 2012. "A Global Analysis of Corporate Social Performance: The Effects of Cultural and Geographic Environments," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 107(4), pages 423-433, June.
    49. Nikolas Rathert, 2016. "Strategies of legitimation: MNEs and the adoption of CSR in response to host-country institutions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(7), pages 858-879, September.
    50. Exequiel Hernandez & Mauro F Guillén, 2018. "What’s theoretically novel about emerging-market multinationals?," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(1), pages 24-33, January.
    51. Domenico Dentoni & Verena Bitzer & Greetje Schouten, 2018. "Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-stakeholder Partnerships," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(2), pages 333-356, June.
    52. Ans Kolk & Jonatan Pinkse, 2008. "A perspective on multinational enterprises and climate change: Learning from “an inconvenient truth”?," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(8), pages 1359-1378, December.
    53. French, J. Lawrence & Wokutch, Richard E., 2005. "Child Workers, Globalization, and International Business Ethics: A Case Study in Brazil’s Export-Oriented Shoe Industry," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(4), pages 615-640, October.
    54. Kolk, Ans & van Tulder, Rob, 2010. "International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 119-125, April.
    55. Muller, Alan, 0. "Global Versus Local CSR Strategies," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(2-3), pages 189-198, April.
    56. R. Edward Freeman & Andrew C. Wicks & Bidhan Parmar, 2004. "Stakeholder Theory and “The Corporate Objective Revisited”," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 15(3), pages 364-369, June.
    57. OBARA, Louise J, 2017. "‘What Does This Mean?’: How UK Companies Make Sense of Human Rights," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 249-273, July.
    58. Lizabeth Barclay & Karen Markel, 2009. "Ethical Fairness and Human Rights: The Treatment of Employees with Psychiatric Disabilities," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 85(3), pages 333-345, March.
    59. THOMPSON, Benjamin, 2017. "Determining Criteria to Evaluate Outcomes of Businesses’ Provision of Remedy: Applying a Human Rights-Based Approach," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 55-85, January.
    60. Schmeisser, Bjoern, 2013. "A Systematic Review of Literature on Offshoring of Value Chain Activities," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 390-406.
    61. BUHMANN, Karin, 2018. "Neglecting the Proactive Aspect of Human Rights Due Diligence? A Critical Appraisal of the EU’s Non-Financial Reporting Directive as a Pillar One Avenue for Promoting Pillar Two Action," Business and Human Rights Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 23-45, January.
    62. Stilgoe, Jack & Owen, Richard & Macnaghten, Phil, 2013. "Developing a framework for responsible innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(9), pages 1568-1580.
    63. Bishop, John Douglas, 2012. "The Limits of Corporate Human Rights Obligations and the Rights of For-Profit Corporations," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 119-144, January.
    64. Thomas Dunfee, 2006. "A Critical Perspective of Integrative Social Contracts Theory: Recurring Criticisms and Next Generation Research Topics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 68(3), pages 303-328, October.
    65. Klaus Leisinger, 2009. "Corporate Responsibilities for Access to Medicines," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 85(1), pages 3-23, February.
    66. George Brenkert, 2009. "Google, Human Rights, and Moral Compromise," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 85(4), pages 453-478, April.
    67. Genus, Audley & Stirling, Andy, 2018. "Collingridge and the dilemma of control: Towards responsible and accountable innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 61-69.
    68. Nilsson, Adriana, 2017. "Making norms to tackle global challenges: The role of Intergovernmental Organisations," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 171-181.
    69. Pisani, Niccolò & Kourula, Arno & Kolk, Ans & Meijer, Renske, 2017. "How global is international CSR research? Insights and recommendations from a systematic review," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 591-614.
    70. Campbell, Tom, 2006. "A Human Rights Approach to Developing Voluntary Codes of Conduct for Multinational Corporations," Business Ethics Quarterly, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 255-269, April.
    71. Zheng, Qinqin & Luo, Yadong & Maksimov, Vladislav, 2015. "Achieving legitimacy through corporate social responsibility: The case of emerging economy firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 389-403.
    72. Kristin Hah & Susan Freeman, 2014. "Multinational Enterprise Subsidiaries and their CSR: A Conceptual Framework of the Management of CSR in Smaller Emerging Economies," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 122(1), pages 125-136, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Obara, Louise J. & Peattie, Ken, 2018. "Bridging the great divide? Making sense of the human rights-CSR relationship in UK multinational companies," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 781-793.
    2. Matthew Amengual & Rita Mota & Alexander Rustler, 2023. "The ‘Court of Public Opinion:’ Public Perceptions of Business Involvement in Human Rights Violations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 185(1), pages 49-74, June.
    3. Marisa McVey & John Ferguson & François-Régis Puyou, 2023. "“Traduttore, Traditore?” Translating Human Rights into the Corporate Context," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 573-596, January.
    4. Ana Čertanec, 2019. "The Connection between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Respect for Human Rights," DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, European Association Comenius - EACO, issue 2, pages 103-127, June.
    5. Pisani, Niccolò & Kourula, Arno & Kolk, Ans & Meijer, Renske, 2017. "How global is international CSR research? Insights and recommendations from a systematic review," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 591-614.
    6. Lopatta, Kerstin & Tideman, Sebastian A. & Scheil, Carolin & Makarem, Naser, 2023. "The current state of corporate human rights disclosure of the global top 500 business enterprises: Measurement and determinants," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    7. Bu, Maoliang & Xu, Liang & Tang, Ryan W., 2023. "MNEs’ transfer of socially irresponsible practices: A replication with new extensions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(2).
    8. Kolk, Ans, 2016. "The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 23-34.
    9. Rogerson, Michael & Scarpa, Francesco & Snelson-Powell, Annie, 2024. "Accounting for human rights: Evidence of due diligence in EU-listed firms’ reporting," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    10. Roger Leonard Burritt & Katherine Leanne Christ & Hussain Gulzar Rammal & Stefan Schaltegger, 2020. "Multinational Enterprise Strategies for Addressing Sustainability: the Need for Consolidation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(2), pages 389-410, June.
    11. Jingtao Yi & Jiatao Li & Liang Chen, 2023. "Ecosystem social responsibility in international digital commerce," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 54(1), pages 24-41, February.
    12. Onyeka K. Osuji & Ugochukwu L. Obibuaku, 2016. "Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility: Competing or Complementary Approaches to Poverty Reduction and Socioeconomic Rights?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 329-347, June.
    13. Vigneau, Laurence, 2020. "A micro-level perspective on the implementation of corporate social responsibility practices in multinational corporations," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(4).
    14. Shirodkar, Vikrant & Liedong, Tahiru Azaaviele & Rajwani, Tazeeb & Lawton, Thomas C., 2024. "MNE nonmarket strategy in a changing world: Complexities, varieties, and a values-based approach," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(2).
    15. Ji Li & Ying Zhang & Yanghong Hu & Xiaolong Tao & Wanxing Jiang & Lei Qi, 2018. "Developed market or developing market?: A perspective of institutional theory on multinational enterprises’ diversification and sustainable development with environmental protection," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(7), pages 858-871, November.
    16. Leonidas C. Leonidou & Svetla T. Marinova & Marin A. Marinov & Jonas S. Eduardsen & Pantelitsa P. Eteokleous, 2024. "An Enquiry into MNEs’ CSR Practices: Literature Assessment, Managerial Implications, and Academic Perspectives," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 64(5), pages 759-809, October.
    17. Pei Sun & Jonathan P. Doh & Tazeeb Rajwani & Donald Siegel, 2021. "Navigating cross-border institutional complexity: A review and assessment of multinational nonmarket strategy research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(9), pages 1818-1853, December.
    18. Rekha Rao-Nicholson & Liudmyla Svystunova, 2020. "Assessing the Role of Host Country Human Rights Protection on Multinational Enterprises’ Choice of Investment Strategy," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 177-209, April.
    19. Khadija Straaten & Niccolò Pisani & Ans Kolk, 2020. "Unraveling the MNE wage premium," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(9), pages 1355-1390, December.
    20. Jiang, Guoliang Frank & Jung, Jae C. & Makino, Shige, 2020. "Parent Firm Corporate Social Responsibility and Overseas Subsidiary Performance: A Signaling Perspective," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(6).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:worbus:v:54:y:2019:i:1:p:54-65. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620401/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.