IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/reveco/v66y2020icp166-188.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Volatility and skewness spillover between stock index and stock index futures markets during a crash period: New evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Hou, Yang (Greg)
  • Li, Steven

Abstract

This paper examines volatility and skewness spillover between Chinese stock index and index futures markets during the market crash in 2015. The results reveal that the volatility spillover from futures to spot is significant and stronger than the other way around and the transmission of downside risk is bilateral with the futures market taking the lead. Moreover, the measures announced during the market crash to curb the speculative futures trading appears to enhance the spillover of both volatility and skewness from futures to spot markets. This paper thus sheds some light on the validity of such measures to restore market efficiency during a stock market crash.

Suggested Citation

  • Hou, Yang (Greg) & Li, Steven, 2020. "Volatility and skewness spillover between stock index and stock index futures markets during a crash period: New evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 166-188.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:66:y:2020:i:c:p:166-188
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2019.11.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1059056019301601
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.iref.2019.11.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:wyi:journl:002180 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Christos Savva & Denise Osborn & Len Gill, 2009. "Spillovers and correlations between US and major European stock markets: the role of the euro," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(19), pages 1595-1604.
    3. Jose Luis Miralles-Marcelo & Jose Luis Miralles-Quiros & Maria del Mar Miralles-Quiros, 2010. "Intraday linkages between the Spanish and the US stock markets: evidence of an overreaction effect," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 223-235.
    4. Manolis G. Kavussanos & Ilias D. Visvikis & Panayotis D. Alexakis, 2008. "The Lead‐Lag Relationship Between Cash and Stock Index Futures in a New Market," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(5), pages 1007-1025, November.
    5. Bob Korkie & Ranjini Sivakumar & Harry J. Turtle, 2006. "Variance Spillover and Skewness in Financial Asset Returns," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 139-156, February.
    6. repec:hum:wpaper:sfb649dp2012-043 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Jian Yang & Zihui Yang & Yinggang Zhou, 2012. "Intraday price discovery and volatility transmission in stock index and stock index futures markets: Evidence from China," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(2), pages 99-121, February.
    8. Susmel, Raul & Engle, Robert F., 1994. "Hourly volatility spillovers between international equity markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 3-25, February.
    9. Massimiliano Caporin & Michael McAleer, 2013. "Ten Things You Should Know About DCC," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2013-12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    10. Baur, Dirk & Jung, Robert C., 2006. "Return and volatility linkages between the US and the German stock market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 598-613, June.
    11. Michael McAleer, 2019. "What They Did Not Tell You about Algebraic (Non-) Existence, Mathematical (IR-)Regularity, and (Non-) Asymptotic Properties of the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) Model," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-9, April.
    12. Bertrand Maillet & Emmanuel Jurczenko, 2006. "Multi-moment Asset Allocation and Pricing Models," Post-Print hal-00308990, HAL.
    13. Christopher K. Ma & Jeffrey M. Mercer & Matthew A. Walker, 1992. "Rolling over futures contracts: A note," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(2), pages 203-217, April.
    14. Harvey, Campbell R. & Siddique, Akhtar, 1999. "Autoregressive Conditional Skewness," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(4), pages 465-487, December.
    15. Baillie, Richard T & Bollerslev, Tim, 2002. "The Message in Daily Exchange Rates: A Conditional-Variance Tale," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 60-68, January.
    16. Hong, Yongmiao & Liu, Yanhui & Wang, Shouyang, 2009. "Granger causality in risk and detection of extreme risk spillover between financial markets," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 150(2), pages 271-287, June.
    17. Massimiliano Caporin & Michael McAleer, 2013. "Ten Things You Should Know about the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Representation," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-12, June.
    18. Juan Cabrera & Tao Wang & Jian Yang, 2009. "Do futures lead price discovery in electronic foreign exchange markets?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 137-156, February.
    19. Yiuman Tse, 1999. "Price discovery and volatility spillovers in the DJIA index and futures markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(8), pages 911-930, December.
    20. Allen, David E. & McAleer, Michael & Powell, Robert J. & Singh, Abhay K., 2017. "Volatility Spillovers from Australia's major trading partners across the GFC," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 159-175.
    21. Taufiq Hassan & Shamsher Mohamad & Mohamad Ariff & Annuar Md Nassir, 2007. "Stock Index Futures Prices and the Asian Financial Crisis," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 7(3‐4), pages 119-141, September.
    22. Lin, Wen-Ling & Engle, Robert F & Ito, Takatoshi, 1994. "Do Bulls and Bears Move across Borders? International Transmission of Stock Returns and Volatility," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 7(3), pages 507-538.
    23. Yang Hou & Steven Li, 2013. "Price Discovery in Chinese Stock Index Futures Market: New Evidence Based on Intraday Data," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 20(1), pages 49-70, March.
    24. Kim, Bong-Han & Kim, Hyeongwoo & Lee, Bong-Soo, 2015. "Spillover effects of the U.S. financial crisis on financial markets in emerging Asian countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 192-210.
    25. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    26. Michael McAleer, 2019. "What They Did Not Tell You about Algebraic (Non-) Existence, Mathematical (IR-)Regularity and (Non-) Asymptotic Properties of the Full BEKK Dynamic Conditional Covariance Model," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-7, April.
    27. Sung Yong Park & Sang Young Jei, 2010. "Estimation and hedging effectiveness of time‐varying hedge ratio: Flexible bivariate garch approaches," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 71-99, January.
    28. Gregory Koutmos & Michael Tucker, 1996. "Temporal relationships and dynamic interactions between spot and futures stock markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(1), pages 55-69, February.
    29. Jondeau, Eric & Rockinger, Michael, 2003. "Conditional volatility, skewness, and kurtosis: existence, persistence, and comovements," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(10), pages 1699-1737, August.
    30. Biao Guo & Qian Han & Maonan Liu & Doojin Ryu, 2013. "A Tale of Two Index Futures: The Intraday Price Discovery and Volatility Transmission Processes Between the China Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore Exchange," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(S4), pages 197-212, September.
    31. Do, Hung Xuan & Brooks, Robert & Treepongkaruna, Sirimon, 2015. "Realized spill-over effects between stock and foreign exchange market: Evidence from regional analysis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 24-37.
    32. Paul Draper & Joseph K. W. Fung, 2003. "Discretionary government intervention and the mispricing of index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(12), pages 1159-1189, December.
    33. Bollerslev, Tim, 1990. "Modelling the Coherence in Short-run Nominal Exchange Rates: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH Model," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(3), pages 498-505, August.
    34. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    35. Engle, Robert F & Gonzalez-Rivera, Gloria, 1991. "Semiparametric ARCH Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 9(4), pages 345-359, October.
    36. Hashmi, Aamir R. & Tay, Anthony S., 2007. "Global regional sources of risk in equity markets: Evidence from factor models with time-varying conditional skewness," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 430-453, April.
    37. Kleidon, Allan W & Whaley, Robert E, 1992. "One Market? Stocks, Futures, and Options during October 1987," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(3), pages 851-877, July.
    38. Martin T. Bohl & Christian A. Salm & Michael Schuppli, 2011. "Price discovery and investor structure in stock index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 282-306, March.
    39. Campbell R. Harvey & Akhtar Siddique, 2000. "Conditional Skewness in Asset Pricing Tests," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1263-1295, June.
    40. McAleer, Michael & Chan, Felix & Hoti, Suhejla & Lieberman, Offer, 2008. "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Correlation," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(6), pages 1554-1583, December.
    41. Tse, Y K & Tsui, Albert K C, 2002. "A Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model with Time-Varying Correlations," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 351-362, July.
    42. Jeff Fleming & Barbara Ostdiek & Robert E. Whaley, 1996. "Trading costs and the relative rates of price discovery in stock, futures, and option markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(4), pages 353-387, June.
    43. Ah‐Boon Sim & Ralf Zurbreugg, 1999. "Intertemporal volatility and price interactions between Australian and Japanese spot and futures stock index markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(5), pages 523-540, August.
    44. Ng, Lilian & Wu, Fei, 2007. "The trading behavior of institutions and individuals in Chinese equity markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 2695-2710, September.
    45. Minho Kim & Andrew C. Szakmary & Thomas V. Schwarz, 1999. "Trading costs and price discovery across stock index futures and cash markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(4), pages 475-498, June.
    46. Yoshio Iihara & Kiyoshi Kato & Toshifumi Tokunaga, 1996. "Intraday return dynamics between the cash and the futures markets in Japan," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(2), pages 147-162, April.
    47. Chan, Kalok & Yang, Jian & Zhou, Yinggang, 2018. "Conditional co-skewness and safe-haven currencies: A regime switching approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 58-80.
    48. Indika Karunanayake & Abbas Valadkhani & Martin O'Brien, 2010. "Financial Crises And International Stock Market Volatility Transmission," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(3), pages 209-221, September.
    49. Bali, Turan G. & Mo, Hengyong & Tang, Yi, 2008. "The role of autoregressive conditional skewness and kurtosis in the estimation of conditional VaR," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 269-282, February.
    50. Chris Brooks, 2005. "Autoregressive Conditional Kurtosis," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 3(3), pages 399-421.
    51. repec:wyi:journl:002169 is not listed on IDEAS
    52. Jung, R.C. & Maderitsch, R., 2014. "Structural breaks in volatility spillovers between international financial markets: Contagion or mere interdependence?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 331-342.
    53. Chan, Kalok & Chan, K C & Karolyi, G Andrew, 1991. "Intraday Volatility in the Stock Index and Stock Index Futures Markets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 4(4), pages 657-684.
    54. Jushan Bai & Pierre Perron, 2003. "Critical values for multiple structural change tests," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 6(1), pages 72-78, June.
    55. Del Brio, Esther B. & Mora-Valencia, Andrés & Perote, Javier, 2017. "The kidnapping of Europe: High-order moments' transmission between developed and emerging markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 96-115.
    56. Su, Yuli & Yip, Yewmun & Wong, Rickie W., 2002. "The impact of government intervention on stock returns: Evidence from Hong Kong," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 277-297.
    57. Zhong, Maosen & Darrat, Ali F. & Otero, Rafael, 2004. "Price discovery and volatility spillovers in index futures markets: Some evidence from Mexico," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(12), pages 3037-3054, December.
    58. Hamao, Yasushi & Masulis, Ronald W & Ng, Victor, 1990. "Correlations in Price Changes and Volatility across International Stock Markets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(2), pages 281-307.
    59. Biao Guo & Qian Han & Maonan Liu & Doojin Ryu, 2013. "A Tale of Two Index Futures: The Intraday Price Discovery Process between the China Financial Futures Exchange and the Singapore Exchange," Working Papers 2013-10-14, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University.
    60. Hansen, Bruce E, 1994. "Autoregressive Conditional Density Estimation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 35(3), pages 705-730, August.
    61. Óscar Carchano & Ángel Pardo, 2009. "Rolling over stock index futures contracts," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(7), pages 684-694, July.
    62. Bertrand Maillet & Emmanuel Jurczenko, 2006. "Multi-moment Asset Allocation and Pricing Models," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00308990, HAL.
    63. Fredj Jawadi & Waël Louhichi & Abdoulkarim Idi Cheffou, 2015. "Intraday bidirectional volatility spillover across international stock markets: does the global financial crisis matter?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(34-35), pages 3633-3650, July.
    64. repec:bla:jfinan:v:44:y:1989:i:1:p:77-99 is not listed on IDEAS
    65. Chan, Kalok, 1992. "A Further Analysis of the Lead-Lag Relationship between the Cash Market and Stock Index Futures Market," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(1), pages 123-152.
    66. Yang Hou & Steven Li, 2015. "Volatility behaviour of stock index futures in China: a bivariate GARCH approach," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 32(1), pages 128-154, March.
    67. Xu, Feng & Wan, Difang, 2015. "The impacts of institutional and individual investors on the price discovery in stock index futures market: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 221-231.
    68. Jin, Xiaoye & An, Ximeng, 2016. "Global financial crisis and emerging stock market contagion: A volatility impulse response function approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 179-195.
    69. Do, Hung Xuan & Brooks, Robert & Treepongkaruna, Sirimon & Wu, Eliza, 2016. "Stock and currency market linkages: New evidence from realized spillovers in higher moments," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 167-185.
    70. Bollerslev, Tim, 1987. "A Conditionally Heteroskedastic Time Series Model for Speculative Prices and Rates of Return," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(3), pages 542-547, August.
    71. Louis T. W. Cheng & Joseph K. W. Fung & Kam C. Chan, 2000. "Pricing dynamics of index options and index futures in Hong Kong before and during the Asian financial crisis," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 145-166, February.
    72. Ramaprasad Bhar, 2001. "Return and Volatility Dynamics in the Spot and Futures Markets in Australia: An Intervention Analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH‐X Framework," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(9), pages 833-850, September.
    73. Qian Han & Jufang Liang, 2017. "Index Futures Trading Restrictions and Spot Market Quality: Evidence from the Recent Chinese Stock Market Crash," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(4), pages 411-428, April.
    74. Strohsal, Till & Weber, Enzo, 2012. "The signal of volatility," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2012-043, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
    75. Bera, Anil K. & Kim, Sangwhan, 2002. "Testing constancy of correlation and other specifications of the BGARCH model with an application to international equity returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 171-195, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hou, Yang & Nartea, Gilbert, 2017. "Price Discovery in the Stock Index Futures Market: Evidence from the Chinese stock market crash," MPRA Paper 81995, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven, 2016. "Information transmission between U.S. and China index futures markets: An asymmetric DCC GARCH approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 884-897.
    3. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven & Wen, Fenghua, 2019. "Time-varying volatility spillover between Chinese fuel oil and stock index futures markets based on a DCC-GARCH model with a semi-nonparametric approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 119-143.
    4. Yang (Greg) Hou & Mark Holmes, 2020. "Do higher order moments of return distribution provide better decisions in minimum-variance hedging? Evidence from US stock index futures," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 45(2), pages 240-265, May.
    5. Shuxin Guo, 2021. "Do futures lead the index under stress? Evidence from the 2015 Chinese market turmoil and its aftermath," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 91-110, January.
    6. Hou, Yang & Holmes, Mark, 2017. "On the effects of static and autoregressive conditional higher order moments on dynamic optimal hedging," MPRA Paper 82000, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Huo, Rui & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2018. "Relationships between Chinese stock market and its index futures market: Evaluating the impact of QFII scheme," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 135-152.
    8. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven, 2017. "Time-Varying Price Discovery and Autoregressive Loading Factors: Evidence from S&P 500 Cash and E-Mini Futures Markets," MPRA Paper 81999, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Yang Hu & Yang (Greg) Hou & Les Oxley, 2019. "Spot and Futures Prices of Bitcoin: Causality, Cointegration and Price Discovery from a Time-Varying Perspective," Working Papers in Economics 19/13, University of Waikato.
    10. Yang Hou & Steven Li & Fenghua Wen, 2021. "Time-varying information share and autoregressive loading factors: evidence from S&P 500 cash and E-mini futures markets," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 91-110, July.
    11. Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang Greg & Oxley, Les, 2020. "What role do futures markets play in Bitcoin pricing? Causality, cointegration and price discovery from a time-varying perspective?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    12. Del Brio, Esther B. & Mora-Valencia, Andrés & Perote, Javier, 2017. "The kidnapping of Europe: High-order moments' transmission between developed and emerging markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 96-115.
    13. Jing Hao & Xiong Xiong & Feng He & Feng Ma, 2019. "Price Discovery in the Chinese Stock Index Futures Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(13), pages 2982-2996, October.
    14. Jondeau, Eric & Rockinger, Michael, 2006. "The Copula-GARCH model of conditional dependencies: An international stock market application," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 827-853, August.
    15. Zhou, Xinmiao & Zhang, Junru & Zhang, Zhaoyong, 2021. "How does news flow affect cross-market volatility spillovers? Evidence from China’s stock index futures and spot markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 196-213.
    16. Sylvia J. Soltyk & Felix Chan, 2023. "Modeling time‐varying higher‐order conditional moments: A survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 33-57, February.
    17. Tse, Yiuman, 1998. "International transmission of information: evidence from the Euroyen and Eurodollar futures markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 909-929, December.
    18. Eric Jondeau & Michael Rockinger, 2002. "Conditional Dependency of Financial Series: The Copula-GARCH Model," FAME Research Paper Series rp69, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    19. Choi, Pilsun & Nam, Kiseok, 2008. "Asymmetric and leptokurtic distribution for heteroscedastic asset returns: The SU-normal distribution," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 41-63, January.
    20. Geeta Duppati & Yang (Greg) Hou & Frank Scrimgeour, 2017. "The dynamics of price discovery for cross-listed stocks evidence from US and Chinese markets," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1389675-138, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Volatility spillover; Skewness spillover; GARCH model; Skewed Student's t distribution; Chinese stock market crash; Chinese stock index futures;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:66:y:2020:i:c:p:166-188. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620165 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.