IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v72y2020ics1057521920302131.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What role do futures markets play in Bitcoin pricing? Causality, cointegration and price discovery from a time-varying perspective?

Author

Listed:
  • Hu, Yang
  • Hou, Yang Greg
  • Oxley, Les

Abstract

Recent papers that have explored spot and futures markets for Bitcoin have concluded that price discovery takes place either in the spot, or the futures market. Here, we consider the robustness of previous price discovery conclusions by investigating causal relationships, cointegration and price discovery between spot and futures markets for Bitcoin, using appropriate daily data and time-varying mechanisms. We apply the time-varying Granger causality test of Shi, Phillips, and Hurn [2018]; time-varying cointegration tests of Park and Hahn [1999], and time-varying information share methodologies, concluding that futures prices Granger cause spot prices and that futures prices dominate the price discovery process.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang Greg & Oxley, Les, 2020. "What role do futures markets play in Bitcoin pricing? Causality, cointegration and price discovery from a time-varying perspective?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:72:y:2020:i:c:s1057521920302131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101569
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521920302131
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101569?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paolo Pagnottoni & Thomas Dimpfl, 2019. "Price discovery on Bitcoin markets," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 1(1), pages 139-161, November.
    2. Yu‐Lun Chen & Yin‐Feng Gau, 2009. "Tick sizes and relative rates of price discovery in stock, futures, and options markets: Evidence from the Taiwan stock exchange," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 74-93, January.
    3. Manolis G. Kavussanos & Ilias D. Visvikis & Panayotis D. Alexakis, 2008. "The Lead‐Lag Relationship Between Cash and Stock Index Futures in a New Market," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(5), pages 1007-1025, November.
    4. Jian Yang & David A. Bessler & David J. Leatham, 2001. "Asset storability and price discovery in commodity futures markets: A new look," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(3), pages 279-300, March.
    5. Chen, Yu-Lun & Gau, Yin-Feng, 2010. "News announcements and price discovery in foreign exchange spot and futures markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1628-1636, July.
    6. Asim Ghosh, 1993. "Cointegration and error correction models: Intertemporal causality between index and futures prices," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(2), pages 193-198, April.
    7. de Jong, Frank, 2002. "Measures of contributions to price discovery: a comparison," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 323-327, July.
    8. Aysegul Ates & George H. K. Wang, 2005. "Information transmission in electronic versus open‐outcry trading systems: An analysis of U.S. equity index futures markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(7), pages 679-715, July.
    9. Kapar, Burcu & Olmo, Jose, 2019. "An analysis of price discovery between Bitcoin futures and spot markets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 62-64.
    10. Juan Cabrera & Tao Wang & Jian Yang, 2009. "Do futures lead price discovery in electronic foreign exchange markets?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 137-156, February.
    11. Garbade, Kenneth D & Silber, William L, 1983. "Price Movements and Price Discovery in Futures and Cash Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 65(2), pages 289-297, May.
    12. G. Geoffrey Booth & Raymond W. So & Yiuman Tse, 1999. "Price discovery in the German equity index derivatives markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(6), pages 619-643, September.
    13. Michael A. Pizzi & Andrew J. Economopoulos & Heather M. O'Neill, 1998. "An examination of the relationship between stock index cash and futures markets: A cointegration approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(3), pages 297-305, May.
    14. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    15. Sung Yong Park & Sang Young Jei, 2010. "Estimation and hedging effectiveness of time‐varying hedge ratio: Flexible bivariate garch approaches," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 71-99, January.
    16. Putniņš, Tālis J., 2013. "What do price discovery metrics really measure?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 68-83.
    17. Avino, Davide & Lazar, Emese & Varotto, Simone, 2015. "Time varying price discovery," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 18-21.
    18. C. Alexander & M. Dakos, 2020. "A critical investigation of cryptocurrency data and analysis," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(2), pages 173-188, February.
    19. Gonzalo, Jesus & Granger, Clive W J, 1995. "Estimation of Common Long-Memory Components in Cointegrated Systems," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 13(1), pages 27-35, January.
    20. Park, Joon Y. & Hahn, Sang B., 1999. "Cointegrating Regressions With Time Varying Coefficients," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(5), pages 664-703, October.
    21. Gregory Koutmos & Michael Tucker, 1996. "Temporal relationships and dynamic interactions between spot and futures stock markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(1), pages 55-69, February.
    22. Yan, Bingcheng & Zivot, Eric, 2010. "A structural analysis of price discovery measures," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, February.
    23. Nicholas Taylor, 2011. "Time-varying price discovery in fragmented markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(10), pages 717-734.
    24. Shuping Shi & Peter C. B. Phillips & Stan Hurn, 2018. "Change Detection and the Causal Impact of the Yield Curve," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 966-987, November.
    25. Donald Lien & Keshab Shrestha, 2014. "Price Discovery in Interrelated Markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 203-219, March.
    26. Engle, Robert F & Gonzalez-Rivera, Gloria, 1991. "Semiparametric ARCH Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 9(4), pages 345-359, October.
    27. Martin T. Bohl & Christian A. Salm & Michael Schuppli, 2011. "Price discovery and investor structure in stock index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 282-306, March.
    28. Jeff Fleming & Barbara Ostdiek & Robert E. Whaley, 1996. "Trading costs and the relative rates of price discovery in stock, futures, and option markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(4), pages 353-387, June.
    29. Dirk G. Baur & Thomas Dimpfl, 2019. "Price discovery in bitcoin spot or futures?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(7), pages 803-817, July.
    30. Martin Hauptfleisch & Tālis J. Putniņš & Brian Lucey, 2016. "Who Sets the Price of Gold? London or New York," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(6), pages 564-586, June.
    31. Carol Alexander & Jaehyuk Choi & Heungju Park & Sungbin Sohn, 2020. "BitMEX bitcoin derivatives: Price discovery, informational efficiency, and hedging effectiveness," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(1), pages 23-43, January.
    32. William L. Silber, 1981. "Innovation, competition, and new contract design in futures markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 1(2), pages 123-155, June.
    33. Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Nick Taylor, 2016. "Time-varying price discovery in the eighteenth century: empirical evidence from the London and Amsterdam stock markets," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 10(1), pages 5-30, january.
    34. Peter C. B. Phillips & Shuping Shi & Jun Yu, 2015. "Testing For Multiple Bubbles: Historical Episodes Of Exuberance And Collapse In The S&P 500," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 56, pages 1043-1078, November.
    35. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:3:p:1235-1258 is not listed on IDEAS
    36. Engle, Robert, 2002. "Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(3), pages 339-350, July.
    37. Hasbrouck, Joel, 1995. "One Security, Many Markets: Determining the Contributions to Price Discovery," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(4), pages 1175-1199, September.
    38. Mahmoud Wahab & Malek Lashgari, 1993. "Price dynamics and error correction in stock index and stock index futures markets: A cointegration approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(7), pages 711-742, October.
    39. Lehmann, Bruce N., 2002. "Some desiderata for the measurement of price discovery across markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 259-276, July.
    40. Chan, Kalok, 1992. "A Further Analysis of the Lead-Lag Relationship between the Cash Market and Stock Index Futures Market," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(1), pages 123-152.
    41. Stoll, Hans R. & Whaley, Robert E., 1990. "The Dynamics of Stock Index and Stock Index Futures Returns," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(4), pages 441-468, December.
    42. Baillie, Richard T. & Geoffrey Booth, G. & Tse, Yiuman & Zabotina, Tatyana, 2002. "Price discovery and common factor models," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 309-321, July.
    43. Xu, Feng & Wan, Difang, 2015. "The impacts of institutional and individual investors on the price discovery in stock index futures market: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 221-231.
    44. Wen‐Liang G. Hsieh & Chin‐Shen Lee & Shu‐Fang Yuan, 2008. "Price discovery in the options markets: An application of put‐call parity," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 354-375, April.
    45. Corbet, Shaen & Lucey, Brian & Peat, Maurice & Vigne, Samuel, 2018. "Bitcoin Futures—What use are they?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 23-27.
    46. Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Hu, Yang & Larkin, Charles & Oxley, Les, 2020. "Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Azhar Mohamad & Sarveshwar Kumar Inani, 2023. "Price discovery in bitcoin spot or futures during the Covid-19 pandemic? Evidence from the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(19), pages 2749-2757, November.
    2. Apostolakis, George N., 2024. "Bitcoin price volatility transmission between spot and futures markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Chen, Yu-Lun & Chang, Yung Ting & Yang, J. Jimmy, 2023. "Cryptocurrency hacking incidents and the price dynamics of Bitcoin spot and futures," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    4. Pattnaik, Debidutta & Hassan, M. Kabir & Dsouza, Arun & Tiwari, Aviral & Devji, Shridev, 2023. "Ex-post facto analysis of cryptocurrency literature over a decade using bibliometric technique," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    5. Lien, Donald, 2022. "Comparisons of Alternative Information Share Measures," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    6. Pati, Pratap Chandra, 2022. "Informativeness of CME Micro Bitcoin Futures in Pricing of Bitcoin: Intraday Evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    7. Arun Narayanasamy & Humnath Panta & Rohit Agarwal, 2023. "Relations among Bitcoin Futures, Bitcoin Spot, Investor Attention, and Sentiment," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-24, November.
    8. Huaxin Wang-Lu, 2022. "Bitcoin Returns and Public Attention to COVID-19: Do Timing and Individualism Matter?," Papers 2205.04290, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    9. Ren, Xiaohang & Fu, Chenjia & Jin, Chenglu & Li, Yuyi, 2024. "Dynamic causality between global supply chain pressures and China's resource industries: A time-varying Granger analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PA).
    10. Huo, Dongxia & Bagadeem, Salim & Elsherazy, Tarek Abbas & Nasnodkar, Siddhesh Prabhu & Kalra, Akash, 2023. "Renewable energy consumption and the rising effect of climate policy uncertainty: Fresh policy analysis from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1459-1474.
    11. Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les, 2021. "Volatility spillovers during market supply shocks: The case of negative oil prices," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Xunfa Lu & Zhitao Ye & Kin Keung Lai & Hairong Cui & Xiao Lin, 2022. "Time-Varying Causalities in Prices and Volatilities between the Cross-Listed Stocks in Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong Stock Markets," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, February.
    13. Mehmet Mucuk & Sümeyra Evren, 2023. "What Drives Inflation in High-inflation Countries? Evidence from Haiti, Sudan, Türkiye and Zambia," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2023(3), pages 238-266.
    14. Weige Huang & Xiang Gao, 2023. "Forecasting Bitcoin Futures: A Lasso-BMA Two-Step Predictor Selection for Investment and Hedging Strategies," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440231, January.
    15. Dias, Ishanka K. & Fernando, J.M. Ruwani & Fernando, P. Narada D., 2022. "Does investor sentiment predict bitcoin return and volatility? A quantile regression approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    16. Dun Li & Dezhi Han & Zibin Zheng & Tien-Hsiung Weng & Kuan-Ching Li & Ming Li & Shaokang Cai, 2024. "Does Short-and-Distort Scheme Really Exist? A Bitcoin Futures Audit Scheme through BIRCH & BPNN Approach," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(4), pages 1649-1671, April.
    17. Rahul Kumar Singh, 2023. "Efficiency of Wheat Futures across APMC Mandis," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 21(3), pages 681-701, September.
    18. Shrestha, Keshab & Naysary, Babak & Philip, Sheena Sara Suresh, 2023. "Price discovery in carbon exchange traded fund markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    19. Hong, Yun & Zhang, Rushan & Zhang, Feipeng, 2024. "Time-varying causality impact of economic policy uncertainty on stock market returns: Global evidence from developed and emerging countries," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    20. Mehmet Mucuk & Sümeyra Evren, . "What Drives Inflation in High-inflation Countries? Evidence from Haiti, Sudan, Turkey and Zambia," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 0.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang Hu & Yang (Greg) Hou & Les Oxley, 2019. "Spot and Futures Prices of Bitcoin: Causality, Cointegration and Price Discovery from a Time-Varying Perspective," Working Papers in Economics 19/13, University of Waikato.
    2. Hou, Yang & Nartea, Gilbert, 2017. "Price Discovery in the Stock Index Futures Market: Evidence from the Chinese stock market crash," MPRA Paper 81995, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Hou, Yang & Li, Steven, 2017. "Time-Varying Price Discovery and Autoregressive Loading Factors: Evidence from S&P 500 Cash and E-Mini Futures Markets," MPRA Paper 81999, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Fassas, Athanasios P. & Papadamou, Stephanos & Koulis, Alexandros, 2020. "Price discovery in bitcoin futures," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    5. Alexander, Carol & Heck, Daniel F., 2020. "Price discovery in Bitcoin: The impact of unregulated markets," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    6. Yang Hou & Steven Li & Fenghua Wen, 2021. "Time-varying information share and autoregressive loading factors: evidence from S&P 500 cash and E-mini futures markets," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 91-110, July.
    7. Gemayel, Roland & Franus, Tatiana & Bowden, James, 2023. "Price discovery between Bitcoin spot markets and exchange traded products," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    8. Li, Wei-Xuan & Chen, Clara Chia-Sheng & Nguyen, James, 2022. "Which market dominates the price discovery in currency futures? The case of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Intercontinental Exchange," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    9. Oliver Entrop & Bart Frijns & Marco Seruset, 2020. "The determinants of price discovery on bitcoin markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(5), pages 816-837, May.
    10. Sarveshwar Kumar Inani, 2017. "Price discovery in Indian stock index futures market: new evidence based on intraday data," International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(1), pages 23-43.
    11. Chen, Wei-Peng & Chung, Huimin & Lien, Donald, 2016. "Price discovery in the S&P 500 index derivatives markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 438-452.
    12. Mohammed Arshad Khan & Md. Mobashshir Hussain & Asif Pervez & Mohd Atif & Rohit Bansal & Hamad A. Alhumoudi & Miaochao Chen, 2022. "Intraday Price Discovery between Spot and Futures Markets of NIFTY 50: An Empirical Study during the Times of COVID-19," Journal of Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-9, August.
    13. Marc J. M. Bohmann & David Michayluk & Vinay Patel, 2019. "Price discovery in commodity derivatives: Speculation or hedging?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(9), pages 1107-1121, September.
    14. Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les, 2020. "The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on asset-price discovery: Testing the case of Chinese informational asymmetry," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    15. Judge, Amrit & Reancharoen, Tipprapa, 2014. "An empirical examination of the lead–lag relationship between spot and futures markets: Evidence from Thailand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 335-358.
    16. Jing Hao & Xiong Xiong & Feng He & Feng Ma, 2019. "Price Discovery in the Chinese Stock Index Futures Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(13), pages 2982-2996, October.
    17. Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les, 2021. "An analysis of investor behaviour and information flows surrounding the negative WTI oil price futures event," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    18. Kumar, Satish, 2018. "Price discovery in emerging currency markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 528-536.
    19. Dirk G. Baur & Thomas Dimpfl, 2019. "Price discovery in bitcoin spot or futures?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(7), pages 803-817, July.
    20. Xiaojie Xu, 2018. "Cointegration and price discovery in US corn cash and futures markets," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 1889-1923, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bitcoin; Futures; Time-varying; Granger causality; Cointegration; Price discovery;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C5 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:72:y:2020:i:c:s1057521920302131. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.