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Trends and novel strategies for enhancing lipid accumulation and quality in microalgae

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  • Singh, Poonam
  • Kumari, Sheena
  • Guldhe, Abhishek
  • Misra, Rohit
  • Rawat, Ismail
  • Bux, Faizal

Abstract

In order to realize the potential of microalgal biodiesel there is a need for substantial impetus involving interventions to radically improve lipid yields upstream. Nutrient stress and alteration to cultivation conditions are commonly used lipid enhancement strategies in microalgae. The main bottleneck of applying conventional strategies is their scalability as some of these strategies incur additional cost and energy. Novel lipid enhancement strategies have emerged to research forefront to overcome these challenges. In this review, the latest trends in microalgal lipid enhancement strategies, possible solutions and future directions are critically discussed. Advanced strategies such as combined nutrient and cultivation condition stress, microalgae–bacteria interactions, use of phytohormones EDTA and chemical additives, improving light conditions using LED, dyes and paints, and gene expression analysis are described. Molecular approaches such as metabolic and genetic engineering are emerging as the potential lipid enhancing strategies. Recent advancements in gene expression studies, genetic and metabolic engineering have shown promising results in enhancing lipid productivity in microalgae; however environmental risk and long term viability are still major challenges.

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  • Singh, Poonam & Kumari, Sheena & Guldhe, Abhishek & Misra, Rohit & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2016. "Trends and novel strategies for enhancing lipid accumulation and quality in microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1-16.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:55:y:2016:i:c:p:1-16
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.001
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    2. Aziz, Md Maniruzzaman A. & Kassim, Khairul Anuar & Shokravi, Zahra & Jakarni, Fauzan Mohd & Liu, Hong Yuan & Zaini, Nabilah & Tan, Lian See & Islam, A.B.M. Saiful & Shokravi, Hoofar, 2020. "Two-stage cultivation strategy for simultaneous increases in growth rate and lipid content of microalgae: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
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    4. Zahra Shokravi & Hoofar Shokravi & Ong Hwai Chyuan & Woei Jye Lau & Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor & Michal Petrů & Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, 2020. "Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-28, October.
    5. Xie, Zhen & Pei, Haiyan & Zhang, Lijie & Yang, Zhigang & Nie, Changliang & Hou, Qingjie & Yu, Ze, 2020. "Accelerating lipid production in freshwater alga Chlorella sorokiniana SDEC-18 by seawater and ultrasound during the stationary phase," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 448-456.
    6. Hussein El-Sayed Touliabah & Adel W. Almutairi, 2021. "Effect of Phytohormones Supplementation under Nitrogen Depletion on Biomass and Lipid Production of Nannochloropsis oceanica for Integrated Application in Nutrition and Biodiesel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
    7. Esakkimuthu, Sivakumar & Krishnamurthy, Venkatesan & Wang, Shuang & El-Fatah Abomohra, Abd & Shanmugam, Sabarathinam & Ramakrishnan, Sankar Ganesh & Subrmaniam, Sadhasivam & K, Swaminathan, 2019. "Simultaneous induction of biomass and lipid production in Tetradesmus obliquus BPL16 through polysorbate supplementation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 807-815.
    8. Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah & Jin, Wenbiao & Tu, Renjie & Han, Song-Fang & Eid, Mohammed & Eladel, Hamed, 2016. "Microalgal biomass production as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel: Current status and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 596-606.
    9. Swati Dahiya & Raja Chowdhury & Wendong Tao & Pradeep Kumar, 2021. "Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    10. Chung, Young-Soo & Lee, Jin-Woo & Chung, Chung-Han, 2017. "Molecular challenges in microalgae towards cost-effective production of quality biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 139-144.
    11. Ramanna, Luveshan & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2017. "Light enhancement strategies improve microalgal biomass productivity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 765-773.
    12. Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw & Patryk Ratomski & Adam Koniuszy & Wojciech Golimowski & Mirosława Teleszko & Anna Grygier, 2021. "Fatty Acid Profile of Microalgal Oils as a Criterion for Selection of the Best Feedstock for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.
    13. Seung-Woo Jo & Ji Won Hong & Jeong-Mi Do & Ho Na & Jin-Ju Kim & Seong-Im Park & Young-Saeng Kim & Il-Sup Kim & Ho-Sung Yoon, 2020. "Nitrogen Deficiency-Dependent Abiotic Stress Enhances Carotenoid Production in Indigenous Green Microalga Scenedesmus rubescens KNUA042, for Use as a Potential Resource of High Value Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-25, July.
    14. Goh, Brandon Han Hoe & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Cheah, Mei Yee & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Yu, Kai Ling & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2019. "Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 59-74.
    15. Usman, Muhammad & Salama, El-Sayed & Arif, Muhammad & Jeon, Byong-Hun & Li, Xiangkai, 2020. "Determination of the inhibitory concentration level of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) towards bacterial and archaeal communities in anaerobic digestion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    16. Esakkimuthu, Sivakumar & Krishnamurthy, Venkatesan & Wang, Shuang & Hu, Xun & K, Swaminathan & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah, 2020. "Application of p-coumaric acid for extraordinary lipid production in Tetradesmus obliquus: A sustainable approach towards enhanced biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 368-376.
    17. Huanmin Du & Faruq Ahmed & Bin Lin & Zhe Li & Yuhan Huang & Guang Sun & Huan Ding & Chang Wang & Chunxiao Meng & Zhengquan Gao, 2017. "The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Cell Growth, Protein, Carotenoid, PUFAs and Lipid Production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa ZF Strain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, October.
    18. Chen, Yi-di & Li, Suping & Ho, Shih-Hsin & Wang, Chengyu & Lin, Yen-Chang & Nagarajan, Dillirani & Chang, Jo-Shu & Ren, Nan-qi, 2018. "Integration of sludge digestion and microalgae cultivation for enhancing bioenergy and biorefinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 76-90.
    19. Behera, Bunushree & Unpaprom, Yuwalee & Ramaraj, Rameshprabu & Maniam, Gaanty Pragas & Govindan, Natanamurugaraj & Paramasivan, Balasubramanian, 2021. "Integrated biomolecular and bioprocess engineering strategies for enhancing the lipid yield from microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

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