IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v28y2013icp643-653.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

On the management of wind power intermittency

Author

Listed:
  • Rahimi, Ehsan
  • Rabiee, Abdorreza
  • Aghaei, Jamshid
  • Muttaqi, Kashem M.
  • Esmaeel Nezhad, Ali

Abstract

Nowadays, the world is encountering severe challenges in the energy generation sector. Environmental issues like climate change, global warming and Green House Gases (GHGs) and also social issues like dramatic increase in global population and increasing energy demand are the main causes of global concerns about energy resource management. In this regard, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are the suitable substitution to replace the conventional generating units that emit GHGs due to the use of fossil fuels. Among all RESs, wind energy seems to be promising for generating emission-free electrical energy. However, it is naturally unpredictable due to its intermittency which leads to some technical problems such as generation imbalance as well as optimal reserve allocation. This paper investigates the solutions to compensate wind intermittency through introducing various technologies such as Pumped-Hydro Storage (PHS) units, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), solar energy and other electric storages like batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahimi, Ehsan & Rabiee, Abdorreza & Aghaei, Jamshid & Muttaqi, Kashem M. & Esmaeel Nezhad, Ali, 2013. "On the management of wind power intermittency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 643-653.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:28:y:2013:i:c:p:643-653
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.034
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113005741
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.034?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Göransson, Lisa & Karlsson, Sten & Johnsson, Filip, 2010. "Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in a regional wind-thermal power system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5482-5492, October.
    2. Fertig, Emily & Apt, Jay, 2011. "Economics of compressed air energy storage to integrate wind power: A case study in ERCOT," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2330-2342, May.
    3. Bhide, Anjali & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez, 2011. "Energy poverty: A special focus on energy poverty in India and renewable energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1057-1066, February.
    4. Ibrahim, H. & Younès, R. & Basbous, T. & Ilinca, A. & Dimitrova, M., 2011. "Optimization of diesel engine performances for a hybrid wind–diesel system with compressed air energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3079-3091.
    5. Islam, M.R. & Saidur, R. & Rahim, N.A., 2011. "Assessment of wind energy potentiality at Kudat and Labuan, Malaysia using Weibull distribution function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 985-992.
    6. de Jong, P. & Sánchez, A.S. & Esquerre, K. & Kalid, R.A. & Torres, E.A., 2013. "Solar and wind energy production in relation to the electricity load curve and hydroelectricity in the northeast region of Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 526-535.
    7. Yuksel, Ibrahim, 2012. "Global warming and environmental benefits of hydroelectric for sustainable energy in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3816-3825.
    8. Sebastián, R., 2008. "Smooth transition from wind only to wind diesel mode in an autonomous wind diesel system with a battery-based energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 454-466.
    9. Angelis-Dimakis, Athanasios & Biberacher, Markus & Dominguez, Javier & Fiorese, Giulia & Gadocha, Sabine & Gnansounou, Edgard & Guariso, Giorgio & Kartalidis, Avraam & Panichelli, Luis & Pinedo, Irene, 2011. "Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1182-1200, February.
    10. Fridleifsson, Ingvar B., 2001. "Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 299-312, September.
    11. Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H., 2011. "A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 639-647, January.
    12. Lotfalipour, Mohammad Reza & Falahi, Mohammad Ali & Ashena, Malihe, 2010. "Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuels consumption in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5115-5120.
    13. Saidur, R. & Rahim, N.A. & Islam, M.R. & Solangi, K.H., 2011. "Environmental impact of wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 2423-2430, June.
    14. Sopian, Kamaruzzaman & Ali, Baharuddin & Asim, Nilofar, 2011. "Strategies for renewable energy applications in the organization of Islamic conference (OIC) countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4706-4725.
    15. Berry, David, 2009. "Innovation and the price of wind energy in the US," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4493-4499, November.
    16. BoroumandJazi, G. & Saidur, R. & Rismanchi, B. & Mekhilef, S., 2012. "A review on the relation between the energy and exergy efficiency analysis and the technical characteristic of the renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3131-3135.
    17. Soares M.C. Borba, Bruno & Szklo, Alexandre & Schaeffer, Roberto, 2012. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a way to maximize the integration of variable renewable energy in power systems: The case of wind generation in northeastern Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 469-481.
    18. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kavadias, K., 2009. "Techno-economic comparison of energy storage systems for island autonomous electrical networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 378-392, February.
    19. Jayanthakumaran, Kankesu & Verma, Reetu & Liu, Ying, 2012. "CO2 emissions, energy consumption, trade and income: A comparative analysis of China and India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 450-460.
    20. Bakos, George C., 2002. "Feasibility study of a hybrid wind/hydro power-system for low-cost electricity production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(3-4), pages 599-608, July.
    21. Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, 2012. "On energy for sustainable development in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2583-2598.
    22. Khare, Vikas & Nema, Savita & Baredar, Prashant, 2013. "Status of solar wind renewable energy in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-10.
    23. Hu, Yu & Solana, Pablo, 2013. "Optimization of a hybrid diesel-wind generation plant with operational options," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 364-372.
    24. Weis, Timothy M. & Ilinca, Adrian, 2008. "The utility of energy storage to improve the economics of wind–diesel power plants in Canada," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1544-1557.
    25. Panwar, N.L. & Kaushik, S.C. & Kothari, Surendra, 2011. "Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1513-1524, April.
    26. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Hirsh, Richard F., 2009. "Beyond batteries: An examination of the benefits and barriers to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1095-1103, March.
    27. Tuohy, A. & O'Malley, M., 2011. "Pumped storage in systems with very high wind penetration," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 1965-1974, April.
    28. Reuter, Wolf Heinrich & Fuss, Sabine & Szolgayová, Jana & Obersteiner, Michael, 2012. "Investment in wind power and pumped storage in a real options model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2242-2248.
    29. Kapsali, M. & Kaldellis, J.K., 2010. "Combining hydro and variable wind power generation by means of pumped-storage under economically viable terms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3475-3485, November.
    30. DeCarolis, Joseph F. & Keith, David W., 2005. "The Costs of Wind's Variability: Is There a Threshold?," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 69-77.
    31. Wang, Jianhui & Liu, Cong & Ton, Dan & Zhou, Yan & Kim, Jinho & Vyas, Anantray, 2011. "Impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on power systems with demand response and wind power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 4016-4021, July.
    32. Elhadidy, M.A. & Shaahid, S.M., 2000. "Parametric study of hybrid (wind + solar + diesel) power generating systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 129-139.
    33. Varkani, Ali Karimi & Daraeepour, Ali & Monsef, Hassan, 2011. "A new self-scheduling strategy for integrated operation of wind and pumped-storage power plants in power markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 5002-5012.
    34. Lujano-Rojas, Juan M. & Monteiro, Cláudio & Dufo-López, Rodolfo & Bernal-Agustín, José L., 2012. "Optimum residential load management strategy for real time pricing (RTP) demand response programs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 671-679.
    35. Dale, Lewis & Milborrow, David & Slark, Richard & Strbac, Goran, 2004. "Total cost estimates for large-scale wind scenarios in UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(17), pages 1949-1956, November.
    36. Kirby, Brendan & Milligan, Michael, 2008. "Facilitating Wind Development: The Importance of Electric Industry Structure," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 40-54, April.
    37. Srivastava, Anurag K. & Annabathina, Bharath & Kamalasadan, Sukumar, 2010. "The Challenges and Policy Options for Integrating Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle into the Electric Grid," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 83-91, April.
    38. Bradley, Thomas H. & Frank, Andrew A., 2009. "Design, demonstrations and sustainability impact assessments for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 115-128, January.
    39. Dallinger, David & Wietschel, Martin, 2012. "Grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources using price-responsive plug-in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3370-3382.
    40. Green II, Robert C. & Wang, Lingfeng & Alam, Mansoor, 2011. "The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: A review and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 544-553, January.
    41. Madlener, Reinhard & Latz, Jochen, 2013. "Economics of centralized and decentralized compressed air energy storage for enhanced grid integration of wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 299-309.
    42. Yuksel, Ibrahim & Kaygusuz, Kamil, 2011. "Renewable energy sources for clean and sustainable energy policies in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4132-4144.
    43. Mohammadnejad, M. & Ghazvini, M. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Andriyana, A., 2011. "A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4652-4658.
    44. Kaldellis, J.K. & Kapsali, M. & Kavadias, K.A., 2010. "Energy balance analysis of wind-based pumped hydro storage systems in remote island electrical networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(8), pages 2427-2437, August.
    45. Deane, J.P. & Ó Gallachóir, B.P. & McKeogh, E.J., 2010. "Techno-economic review of existing and new pumped hydro energy storage plant," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 1293-1302, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ullah, Kalim & Hafeez, Ghulam & Khan, Imran & Jan, Sadaqat & Javaid, Nadeem, 2021. "A multi-objective energy optimization in smart grid with high penetration of renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Erdinc, Ozan & Paterakis, Nikolaos G. & Catalão, João P.S., 2015. "Overview of insular power systems under increasing penetration of renewable energy sources: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 333-346.
    3. Aghajani, G.R. & Shayanfar, H.A. & Shayeghi, H., 2017. "Demand side management in a smart micro-grid in the presence of renewable generation and demand response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 622-637.
    4. Razavi, Seyed-Ehsan & Rahimi, Ehsan & Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh & Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel & Lotfi, Mohamed & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2019. "Impact of distributed generation on protection and voltage regulation of distribution systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 157-167.
    5. Pode, Ramchandra, 2015. "Battery charging stations for home lighting in Mekong region countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 543-560.
    6. Shah Rukh Abbas & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Muhammad Naqvi & Adeel Javed & Salman Raza Naqvi & Kafait Ullah & Tauseef-ur-Rehman Khan & Dong Ryeol Shin, 2020. "Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration in Weak Transmission Grid from Technical Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-32, October.
    7. Siavash Asiaban & Nezmin Kayedpour & Arash E. Samani & Dimitar Bozalakov & Jeroen D. M. De Kooning & Guillaume Crevecoeur & Lieven Vandevelde, 2021. "Wind and Solar Intermittency and the Associated Integration Challenges: A Comprehensive Review Including the Status in the Belgian Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-41, May.
    8. Kalim Ullah & Sajjad Ali & Taimoor Ahmad Khan & Imran Khan & Sadaqat Jan & Ibrar Ali Shah & Ghulam Hafeez, 2020. "An Optimal Energy Optimization Strategy for Smart Grid Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response Programs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Rohan Zafar Butt & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Mohammed Alghassab & Zafar A. Khan & Abdullah Altamimi & Muhammad Imran & Fahad F. Alruwaili, 2022. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration in Weak Transmission Grid from Mid-Career Repowering Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-31, February.
    10. Lewis, Matt & McNaughton, James & Márquez-Dominguez, Concha & Todeschini, Grazia & Togneri, Michael & Masters, Ian & Allmark, Matthew & Stallard, Tim & Neill, Simon & Goward-Brown, Alice & Robins, Pet, 2019. "Power variability of tidal-stream energy and implications for electricity supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1061-1074.
    11. Rabanal, Arkaitz & Smith, Andrew Macmillan & Ahaotu, Chiagoro Chinonyerem & Tedeschi, Elisabetta, 2024. "Energy storage systems for services provision in offshore wind farms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    12. Madhlopa, Amos & Sparks, Debbie & Keen, Samantha & Moorlach, Mascha & Krog, Pieter & Dlamini, Thuli, 2015. "Optimization of a PV–wind hybrid system under limited water resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 324-331.
    13. Gibson, Peter B. & Cullen, Nicolas J., 2015. "Synoptic and sub-synoptic circulation effects on wind resource variability – A case study from a coastal terrain setting in New Zealand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 253-263.
    14. Ren, Guorui & Liu, Jinfu & Wan, Jie & Guo, Yufeng & Yu, Daren, 2017. "Overview of wind power intermittency: Impacts, measurements, and mitigation solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 47-65.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rehman, Shafiqur & Al-Hadhrami, Luai M. & Alam, Md. Mahbub, 2015. "Pumped hydro energy storage system: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 586-598.
    2. Zafirakis, Dimitrios & Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J. & Baiocchi, Giovanni & Daskalakis, George, 2013. "Modeling of financial incentives for investments in energy storage systems that promote the large-scale integration of wind energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 138-154.
    3. Aghaei, Jamshid & Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel & Rabiee, Abdorreza & Rahimi, Ehsan, 2016. "Contribution of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in power system uncertainty management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 450-458.
    4. Richardson, David B., 2013. "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 247-254.
    5. Hota, Ashish Ranjan & Juvvanapudi, Mahesh & Bajpai, Prabodh, 2014. "Issues and solution approaches in PHEV integration to smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 217-229.
    6. Pérez-Díaz, Juan I. & Chazarra, M. & García-González, J. & Cavazzini, G. & Stoppato, A., 2015. "Trends and challenges in the operation of pumped-storage hydropower plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 767-784.
    7. Zakeri, Behnam & Syri, Sanna, 2015. "Electrical energy storage systems: A comparative life cycle cost analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 569-596.
    8. Katsaprakakis, Dimitris Al. & Christakis, Dimitris G. & Pavlopoylos, Kosmas & Stamataki, Sofia & Dimitrelou, Irene & Stefanakis, Ioannis & Spanos, Petros, 2012. "Introduction of a wind powered pumped storage system in the isolated insular power system of Karpathos–Kasos," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 38-48.
    9. Ardizzon, G. & Cavazzini, G. & Pavesi, G., 2014. "A new generation of small hydro and pumped-hydro power plants: Advances and future challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 746-761.
    10. Katsaprakakis, Dimitris Al. & Christakis, Dimitris G. & Stefanakis, Ioannis & Spanos, Petros & Stefanakis, Nikos, 2013. "Technical details regarding the design, the construction and the operation of seawater pumped storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 619-630.
    11. Soares M.C. Borba, Bruno & Szklo, Alexandre & Schaeffer, Roberto, 2012. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a way to maximize the integration of variable renewable energy in power systems: The case of wind generation in northeastern Brazil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 469-481.
    12. Frew, Bethany A. & Becker, Sarah & Dvorak, Michael J. & Andresen, Gorm B. & Jacobson, Mark Z., 2016. "Flexibility mechanisms and pathways to a highly renewable US electricity future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 65-78.
    13. Motasemi, F. & Afzal, Muhammad T., 2013. "A review on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 317-330.
    14. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Amin, Muhammad Yasir, 2020. "Solar and wind power generation systems with pumped hydro storage: Review and future perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 176-192.
    15. Foley, A.M. & Leahy, P.G. & Li, K. & McKeogh, E.J. & Morrison, A.P., 2015. "A long-term analysis of pumped hydro storage to firm wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 638-648.
    16. Morteza Aien & Omid Mahdavi, 2020. "On the Way of Policy Making to Reduce the Reliance of Fossil Fuels: Case Study of Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-28, December.
    17. Milad Ghaisi & Milad Rahmani & Pedram Gharghabi & Ali Zoghi & Seyed Hossein Hosseinian, 2017. "Scheduling a Wind Hydro-Pumped-Storage Unit Considering the Economical Optimization," Post-Print hal-01478231, HAL.
    18. Torres, J.L. & Gonzalez, R. & Gimenez, A. & Lopez, J., 2014. "Energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. A comparative study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 816-824.
    19. Poullikkas, Andreas, 2015. "Sustainable options for electric vehicle technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1277-1287.
    20. Jurasz, Jakub & Mikulik, Jerzy & Krzywda, Magdalena & Ciapała, Bartłomiej & Janowski, Mirosław, 2018. "Integrating a wind- and solar-powered hybrid to the power system by coupling it with a hydroelectric power station with pumping installation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 549-563.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:28:y:2013:i:c:p:643-653. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.