Navigating the future of flow-induced vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesting

Flow-induced vibration energy, as a renewable and clean energy source, is anticipated to play a crucial role in decarbonizing our future energy systems. Flow-induced vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters can fulfill the energy requirements for the uninterrupted and dependable operation of increasingly prevalent mobile internet of things and wireless sensor network devices. Furthermore, their large-scale deployment can form bladeless wind farms to supply electricity to medium-sized devices. This study explores the advancements in piezoelectric technology and materials, conducting a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, modeling techniques, and current development status of energy harvesters. This study also discusses various methods used to improve the efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesters, including optimizing structure configuration, adding nonlinear forces, applying multi-stable states, altering degrees of freedom, and optimizing interface circuits. Additionally, it outlines several prospective areas for future research, encompassing the utilization of metamaterials, the integration of deep learning, and future commercialization directions encompass both the construction of bladeless wind farms and the design of enhancing robustness and environmental stability. The challenges and difficulties faced in this field, such as exploring more comprehensive performance evaluation standards, are summarized. Lastly, this research offers recommendations and perspectives on the transition of this technology from laboratory to practical application.