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A review of common faults in large-scale heat pumps

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  • Aguilera, José Joaquín
  • Meesenburg, Wiebke
  • Ommen, Torben
  • Markussen, Wiebke Brix
  • Poulsen, Jonas Lundsted
  • Zühlsdorf, Benjamin
  • Elmegaard, Brian

Abstract

Large-scale heat pumps can contribute towards the decarbonisation of district heating systems and industrial processes. Unidentified faults can have a negative impact on the availability, performance and maintenance costs of heat pump systems. This study provides a description of faults related to the operation of 53 heat pumps based on a vapour compression cycle. Faults were characterized according to potential causes, mitigation or prevention implications as well as detection and diagnosis methods. Faults in the compressor, evaporator and source heat exchanger were more recurrent than in other components of large-scale heat pumps. Overall, the most common faults were fouling of heat exchangers and refrigerant leakage. Faults related to negative impacts like system shutdown, performance reduction and release of refrigerant into the environment, were mainly described to be originated in the compressor. Several directions for future research were identified, which included developing specific fault detection and diagnosis methods for large-scale heat pump applications, proposing methods to detect and diagnose multiple and simultaneous faults, and integrating performance degradation monitoring with fault detection and diagnosis.

Suggested Citation

  • Aguilera, José Joaquín & Meesenburg, Wiebke & Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Poulsen, Jonas Lundsted & Zühlsdorf, Benjamin & Elmegaard, Brian, 2022. "A review of common faults in large-scale heat pumps," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:168:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122007092
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112826
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    2. Guo, Yabin & Li, Yuduo & Li, Weilin, 2023. "On-site fault experiment and diagnosis research of the carbon dioxide transcritical heat pump system for energy saving," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    3. Ssembatya, Martin & Claridge, David E., 2024. "Quantitative fault detection and diagnosis methods for vapour compression chillers: Exploring the potential for field-implementation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).

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