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Particulate emissions from biodiesel vs diesel fuelled compression ignition engine

Author

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  • Agarwal, Avinash Kumar
  • Gupta, Tarun
  • Kothari, Abhishek

Abstract

Studies conducted over the last decade have well established a direct relationship between deteriorating human health and diesel engine exhaust. Biodiesel has shown a lot of promise in terms of both its relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Biodiesel has the potential to replace a significant amount of the petroleum used to power diesel engines. The emissions from biodiesel are different than petroleum-based diesel and it is important to understand how they are different with respect to the levels emitted and the combustibility of the particulates. One of the major pollutants emitted from engine exhaust is particulate matter (PM). PM emitted from tailpipes contains a variety of toxic contaminants either embedded or adsorbed on its surface. This study provides a one to one comparison between PM emitted from a mid-size engine running on petroleum-based diesel versus biodiesel. The key physical and chemical parameters analyzed include metals, benzene soluble organic fraction, elemental and organic carbon fractions, particle morphology, particle number and size distribution. This is the first study of its kind where various aspects of the PM emitted from a biodiesel-operated engine have been extensively studied. The major results from the study showed that metals that come from engine wear are not present in biodiesel exhaust particulate due to its self lubricating properties. Samples collected of mineral diesel exhaust are relatively darker in color and stickier than biodiesel exhaust. Biodiesel and its blends gave more benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF) in engine exhaust particulate matter than mineral diesel at all operating conditions. B100 gave higher number of smaller particles in its exhaust than mineral diesel; comprehensively all size particles were also higher in case of B100. Peak particle concentrations for biodiesel were shifted towards smaller size particles. As load increases, B20 emission performance in terms of particle concentrations improves very rapidly and even surpasses mineral diesel emission performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images for B100 and B20 showed granular structure particulates with bigger grain size compared to mineral diesel. Among B100, B20 and mineral diesel, total particle accumulation was maximum for mineral diesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Gupta, Tarun & Kothari, Abhishek, 2011. "Particulate emissions from biodiesel vs diesel fuelled compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3278-3300, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:15:y:2011:i:6:p:3278-3300
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    1. Hwang, Joonsik & Bae, Choongsik & Patel, Chetankumar & Agarwal, Rashmi A. & Gupta, Tarun & Kumar Agarwal, Avinash, 2017. "Investigations on air-fuel mixing and flame characteristics of biodiesel fuels for diesel engine application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1203-1213.
    2. Szabados, György & Bereczky, Ákos, 2018. "Experimental investigation of physicochemical properties of diesel, biodiesel and TBK-biodiesel fuels and combustion and emission analysis in CI internal combustion engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 568-578.
    3. Arbab, M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Varman, M. & Kalam, M.A. & Imtenan, S. & Sajjad, H., 2013. "Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 133-147.
    4. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Dhar, Atul & Gupta, Jai Gopal & Kim, Woong Il & Lee, Chang Sik & Park, Sungwook, 2014. "Effect of fuel injection pressure and injection timing on spray characteristics and particulate size–number distribution in a biodiesel fuelled common rail direct injection diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 212-221.
    5. Szabados, György & Bereczky, Ákos & Ajtai, Tibor & Bozóki, Zoltán, 2018. "Evaluation analysis of particulate relevant emission of a diesel engine running on fossil diesel and different biofuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1139-1153.
    6. Varatharajan, K. & Cheralathan, M., 2012. "Influence of fuel properties and composition on NOx emissions from biodiesel powered diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3702-3710.
    7. Zhang, Yunhua & Lou, Diming & Tan, Piqiang & Hu, Zhiyuan, 2018. "Particulate emissions from urban bus fueled with biodiesel blend and their reducing characteristics using particulate after-treatment system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 77-86.
    8. Richard Viskup & Christoph Wolf & Werner Baumgartner, 2020. "Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Major Elements in Particulate Matter from In-use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by LIBS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Wang, Ying & Liu, Hong & Lee, Chia-Fon F., 2016. "Particulate matter emission characteristics of diesel engines with biodiesel or biodiesel blending: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 569-581.
    10. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Zhao, Wenbin & Li, Zilong & Huang, Guan & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Experimental investigation of direct injection dual fuel of n-butanol and biodiesel on Intelligent Charge Compression Ignition (ICCI) Combustion mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    12. Azad, A.K. & Rasul, M.G. & Khan, M.M.K. & Sharma, Subhash C. & Bhuiya, M.M.K., 2016. "Recent development of biodiesel combustion strategies and modelling for compression ignition engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1068-1086.
    13. Martina Čampulová & Roman Čampula, 2020. "Modelling Household Car Ownership in the Selected Regions of the Czech Republic," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 68(3), pages 605-612.
    14. Shahir, V.K. & Jawahar, C.P. & Suresh, P.R., 2015. "Comparative study of diesel and biodiesel on CI engine with emphasis to emissions—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 686-697.
    15. Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas & Audrius Čereška & Jonas Matijošius & Alfredas Rimkus & Romualdas Bausys, 2019. "Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-26, April.

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