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Continuous and flexible Renewable-Power-to-Methane via liquid CO2 energy storage: Revisiting the techno-economic potential

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  • Qi, Meng
  • Park, Jinwoo
  • Landon, Robert Stephen
  • Kim, Jeongdong
  • Liu, Yi
  • Moon, Il

Abstract

Power to Methane (PtM) processes directly coupled with renewables are limited by their ability to handle uncertainties caused by the intermittent nature of the power supply and fluctuations in gas demand as well as electricity prices. Continuous operation along with real-time scheduling is necessary to improve both their energy- and cost-efficiency. With the aim to enhance the PtM potential, a continuous and flexible renewable-PtM process is proposed using liquid CO2 energy storage (LCES) as a regulator to manage these uncertainties. To facilitate the integration of LCES with the PtM, a new LCES system has been designed, based on commercially available equipment, with an electrical round trip efficiency of 53.5%. The integrated process uses only water as a hot and cold utility and eliminates the storage of large volume flammable gas with both environmental and safety benefits. System-level process modeling and techno-economic analysis are performed based on 10 MW solid oxide electrolysis and catalytic methanation, in which the methane production costs are estimated with cost scenarios for today, 2030, and 2050. Results indicate the overall process yields an energy efficiency of 41.3%, and the methane produced from renewables will be cost-competitive with conventional routes in a future scenario via a flexible operational strategy assisted by the power grid and an expected low cost of solid oxide electrolyzer. The findings of this study clearly support that the flexible integration of the LCES with a PtM process to allow the latter's continuous operation, is a promising approach to make this technology economically viable.

Suggested Citation

  • Qi, Meng & Park, Jinwoo & Landon, Robert Stephen & Kim, Jeongdong & Liu, Yi & Moon, Il, 2022. "Continuous and flexible Renewable-Power-to-Methane via liquid CO2 energy storage: Revisiting the techno-economic potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:153:y:2022:i:c:s1364032121010054
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111732
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    2. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2023. "Dynamic simulation and thermoeconomic analysis of a power to gas system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    3. Kim, Jeongdong & Qi, Meng & Park, Jinwoo & Moon, Il, 2023. "Revealing the impact of renewable uncertainty on grid-assisted power-to-X: A data-driven reliability-based design optimization approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    4. García-Luna, S. & Ortiz, C. & Carro, A. & Chacartegui, R. & Pérez-Maqueda, L.A., 2022. "Oxygen production routes assessment for oxy-fuel combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    5. Qi, Meng & Lee, Jaewon & Hong, Seokyoung & Kim, Jeongdong & Liu, Yi & Park, Jinwoo & Moon, Il, 2022. "Flexible and efficient renewable-power-to-methane concept enabled by liquid CO2 energy storage: Optimization with power allocation and storage sizing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    6. Matteo Prussi & Lorenzo Laveneziana & Lorenzo Testa & David Chiaramonti, 2022. "Comparing e-Fuels and Electrification for Decarbonization of Heavy-Duty Transports," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Xu, Wenpan & Zhao, Pan & Gou, Feifei & Liu, Aijie & Wu, Wenze & Wang, Jiangfeng, 2022. "Thermo-economic analysis of a combined cooling, heating and power system based on self-evaporating liquid carbon dioxide energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    8. Qi, Meng & Vo, Dat Nguyen & Yu, Haoshui & Shu, Chi-Min & Cui, Chengtian & Liu, Yi & Park, Jinwoo & Moon, Il, 2023. "Strategies for flexible operation of power-to-X processes coupled with renewables," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
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    10. Daniarta, S. & Sowa, D. & Błasiak, P. & Imre, A.R. & Kolasiński, P., 2024. "Techno-economic survey of enhancing Power-to-Methane efficiency via waste heat recovery from electrolysis and biomethanation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).

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