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Relationship between level of economic development and motorcycle and car ownerships and their impacts on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission in Thailand

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  • Pongthanaisawan, Jakapong
  • Sorapipatana, Chumnong

Abstract

An increase in road vehicles secondary to economic development has strongly pushed up energy demand and adversely impact the environment by the emission of greenhouse gases and pollutants. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between motorcycle and car ownerships and level of economic development in Thailand. In addition, an overall private vehicle ownership which is a sum of both types of private vehicle ownership is also studied. An understanding of these relationships due to the economic development is a key knowledge for the sustainable transport policy in the future. The results of this study revealed that at the early stage of economic development of developing countries like Thailand, the number of motorcycles predominates over private cars. Economic development strongly affects the ownership of private vehicles in two ways: (1) overall private vehicle ownerships increase as the income levels grow and (2) after personal income grows up to a certain level, people will shift from motorcycle to car ownerships for their prestige, convenience, comfort and safety. Because of continuing economic development and population growth, the expected increase in overall private vehicle ownership is projected to push up the total private vehicle stock of Thailand in the year 2050 to about twice of the present level. This will drive fuel demands in 2050 to about 2.4 times, and the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission to about 2.5 times of the current levels. Hence, policy makers in developing countries should not overlook the impacts on the consequences of increasing overall private vehicle stock in the near future. The best and most appropriate policies should be given to the development of public transport as the first priority rather than the traditional one, which gives highest priority to traffic mobility of private vehicles by road transport neglecting the effectiveness of passengers' mobility of the public transport. In addition, policies to promote high efficiency vehicle technologies, particularly for motorcycles, should also be taken into consideration, particularly for a low income country due to a high share of the motorcycles in the overall private vehicle stock.

Suggested Citation

  • Pongthanaisawan, Jakapong & Sorapipatana, Chumnong, 2010. "Relationship between level of economic development and motorcycle and car ownerships and their impacts on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission in Thailand," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2966-2975, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:14:y:2010:i:9:p:2966-2975
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Chetan Doddamani & M. Manoj, 2023. "Analysis of the influences of built environment measures on household car and motorcycle ownership decisions in Hubli-Dharwad cities," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 205-243, February.
    3. Ru-Jen Lin & Rong-Huei Chen & Thao-Minh Ho, 2013. "Market Demand, Green Innovation, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Hybrid Vehicle Industry," Diversity, Technology, and Innovation for Operational Competitiveness: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Technology Innovation and Industrial Management,, ToKnowPress.
    4. Ben Abdallah, Khaled & Belloumi, Mounir & De Wolf, Daniel, 2013. "Indicators for sustainable energy development: A multivariate cointegration and causality analysis from Tunisian road transport sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 34-43.
    5. Bastos Suzana Quinet Andrade & Gama Fabio & de Paula Assis Tiana & Milosz Matheus, 2020. "Is there a relationship between the use of motorcycles and the level of development of countries?," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 50(50), pages 43-53, December.
    6. Sławomir Dorocki & Dorota Wantuch-Matla, 2021. "Power Two-Wheelers as an Element of Sustainable Urban Mobility in Europe," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-25, June.
    7. Limanond, Thirayoot & Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj & Srikaew, Artit, 2011. "Projection of future transport energy demand of Thailand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2754-2763, May.
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    9. Alshehry, Atef Saad & Belloumi, Mounir, 2017. "Study of the environmental Kuznets curve for transport carbon dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1339-1347.
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    13. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Khraief, Naceur & Jemaa, Mohamed Mekki Ben, 2015. "On the causal nexus of road transport CO2 emissions and macroeconomic variables in Tunisia: Evidence from combined cointegration tests," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 89-100.
    14. Pongthanaisawan, Jakapong & Sorapipatana, Chumnong, 2013. "Greenhouse gas emissions from Thailand’s transport sector: Trends and mitigation options," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 288-298.
    15. Chotichanathawewong, Qwanruedee & Thongplew, Natapol, 2012. "Development Trajectories, Emission Profile, and Policy Actions: Thailand," ADBI Working Papers 352, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    16. Chien, Fengsheng & Hsu, Ching-Chi & Ozturk, Ilhan & Sharif, Arshian & Sadiq, Muhammad, 2022. "The role of renewable energy and urbanization towards greenhouse gas emission in top Asian countries: Evidence from advance panel estimations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 207-216.
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    18. Liu, Xue & Ma, Shoufeng & Tian, Junfang & Jia, Ning & Li, Geng, 2015. "A system dynamics approach to scenario analysis for urban passenger transport energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 253-270.
    19. Law, Teik Hua & Hamid, Hussain & Goh, Chia Ning, 2015. "The motorcycle to passenger car ownership ratio and economic growth: A cross-country analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 122-128.

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