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A review of thermochemical biomass conversion combined with Stirling engines for the small-scale cogeneration of heat and power

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  • Schneider, T.
  • Müller, D.
  • Karl, J.

Abstract

Small-scale cogeneration of heat and power using solid biomass fuels is a promising option for the decentralization of the energy supply in the future. In this context, numerous research activities and commercial developments focus on combined systems with Stirling engines and thermochemical conversion of biomass. However, only few of the reviewed concepts and developments achieved to provide commercially successful products. The main problems are ash melting issues and fouling on heat exchanger surfaces as a consequence of the required high temperature levels at the hot side of the Stirling engine. The systems reveal short operation and maintenance intervals as well as mechanical issues due to still insufficiently technically mature Stirling engine technologies. Recent research therefore focuses on the combination of Stirling engines with fluidized bed combustion as homogeneous temperature distribution, enhanced heat transfer and fuel flexibility provide theoretically advantages. Nevertheless, due to the thermodynamic boundary conditions and constraints the electrical efficiency of biomass-fired Stirling engines is limited to 15–20%. However, with the additional utilization of thermal energy at an overall fuel utilization efficiency above 80%, such a system can provide an attractive small-scale CHP solution.

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  • Schneider, T. & Müller, D. & Karl, J., 2020. "A review of thermochemical biomass conversion combined with Stirling engines for the small-scale cogeneration of heat and power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:134:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120305761
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110288
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Xiao, Wang & Chen, Lei & Yu, Guoyao & Ma, Zhuang & Ma, Ying & Xue, Jianhua & Cheng, Yangbin & Luo, Ercang, 2024. "Design and experimental study of a 300 We class combustion-driven high frequency free-piston Stirling electric generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    3. Tanja Schneider & Dominik Müller & Jürgen Karl, 2022. "Effect of Natural Ilmenite on the Solid Biomass Conversion of Inhomogeneous Fuels in Small-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Beds," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    4. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Liang, Kun & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2021. "A review of Stirling-engine-based combined heat and power technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    5. Yang, Hang-Suin & Zhu, Hao-Qiang & Xiao, Xian-Zhong, 2023. "Comparison of the dynamic characteristics and performance of beta-type Stirling engines operating with different driving mechanisms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    6. Schneider, T. & Moffitt, J. & Volz, N. & Müller, D. & Karl, J., 2022. "Long-term effects of ilmenite on a micro-scale bubbling fluidized bed combined heat and power pilot plant for oxygen carrier aided combustion of wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    7. Montazerinejad, H. & Eicker, U., 2022. "Recent development of heat and power generation using renewable fuels: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    8. Ștefan-Dominic Voronca & Monica Siroux & George Darie, 2022. "Experimental Characterization of Transitory Functioning Regimes of a Biomass Stirling Micro-CHP," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, July.
    9. Anita Konieczna & Kamila Mazur & Adam Koniuszy & Andrzej Gawlik & Igor Sikorski, 2022. "Thermal Energy and Exhaust Emissions of a Gasifier Stove Feeding Pine and Hemp Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    10. David García & María-José Suárez & Eduardo Blanco & Jesús-Ignacio Prieto, 2022. "Experimental and Numerical Characterisation of a Non-Tubular Stirling Engine Heater for Biomass Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-17, December.
    11. İncili, Veysel & Karaca Dolgun, Gülşah & Keçebaş, Ali & Ural, Tolga, 2023. "Energy and exergy analyses of a coal-fired micro-CHP system coupled engine as a domestic solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).

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