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Sensible energy storage options for concentrating solar power plants operating above 600 °C

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  • Mohan, Gowtham
  • Venkataraman, Mahesh B.
  • Coventry, Joe

Abstract

To lower the cost of electricity produced, advanced high-efficiency power cycles operating at temperatures above 600 °C (such as the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle) are presently being developed for use in both nuclear and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Incorporating thermal energy storage into CSP plants allows renewable energy to be generated while simultaneously providing reliability and stability to the grid. Sensible energy storage using molten nitrate salts is used in the majority of CSP plants. However, nitrate salts decompose at around 600 °C, hence an alternative storage medium is required to support the development of next generation high-efficiency CSP plants. Because of practical experience with molten salt storage in the two-tank configuration in industry, continuing to use fluid media is an attractive option, although thermal storage is also possible with other types of storage media (e.g. solids and phase change materials). This paper critically reviews options for energy storage in fluids that are stable over 600 °C. The focus is on three alternative molten salts — fluorides, chlorides and carbonates — which are assessed based on their thermophysical properties and cost. A brief review of liquid metal and molten glass storage options is included for completeness. Corrosion of containment materials is an important consideration in the choice of storage media, because if exotic materials are required, the cost of the storage tanks can dominate the overall storage cost. Therefore, this paper includes a summary of the main corrosion issues relating to containment of the more promising storage fluids considered herein, identifying possible tank materials and corrosion mitigation options.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohan, Gowtham & Venkataraman, Mahesh B. & Coventry, Joe, 2019. "Sensible energy storage options for concentrating solar power plants operating above 600 °C," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 319-337.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:107:y:2019:i:c:p:319-337
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Wang, Wen-Qi & Li, Ming-Jia & Cheng, Ze-Dong & Li, Dong & Liu, Zhan-Bin, 2021. "Coupled optical-thermal-stress characteristics of a multi-tube external molten salt receiver for the next generation concentrating solar power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
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    9. Bailera, Manuel & Pascual, Sara & Lisbona, Pilar & Romeo, Luis M., 2021. "Modelling calcium looping at industrial scale for energy storage in concentrating solar power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    10. Adrián Caraballo & Santos Galán-Casado & Ángel Caballero & Sara Serena, 2021. "Molten Salts for Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: A Review and an Energy Performance Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    11. Yang, Jingze & Yang, Zhen & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2022. "A review on integrated design and off-design operation of solar power tower system with S–CO2 Brayton cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    12. Kondaiah, P. & Pitchumani, R., 2023. "Progress and opportunities in corrosion mitigation in heat transfer fluids for next-generation concentrating solar power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 956-991.
    13. Bravo, Ruben & Ortiz, Carlos & Chacartegui, Ricardo & Friedrich, Daniel, 2021. "Multi-objective optimisation and guidelines for the design of dispatchable hybrid solar power plants with thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    14. Zarif Aminov & Khusniddin Alikulov & Tran-Dang Xuan, 2024. "Economic and Environmental Analyses of an Integrated Power and Hydrogen Production Systems Based on Solar Thermal Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-43, August.
    15. Zhang, Yuanting & Qiu, Yu & Li, Qing & Henry, Asegun, 2022. "Optical-thermal-mechanical characteristics of an ultra-high-temperature graphite receiver designed for concentrating solar power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    16. Na Li & Yang Wang & Qi Liu & Hao Peng, 2022. "Evaluation of Thermal-Physical Properties of Novel Multicomponent Molten Nitrate Salts for Heat Transfer and Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    17. Zhao Li & Liu Cui & Baorang Li & Xiaoze Du, 2021. "Effects of SiO 2 Nanoparticle Dispersion on The Heat Storage Property of the Solar Salt for Solar Power Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, January.
    18. Arias, I. & Cardemil, J. & Zarza, E. & Valenzuela, L. & Escobar, R., 2022. "Latest developments, assessments and research trends for next generation of concentrated solar power plants using liquid heat transfer fluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).

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