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Nearest-neighbor methodology for prediction of intra-hour global horizontal and direct normal irradiances

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  • Pedro, Hugo T.C.
  • Coimbra, Carlos F.M.

Abstract

This work proposes a novel forecast methodology for intra-hour solar irradiance based on optimized pattern recognition from local telemetry and sky imaging. The model, based on the k-nearest-neighbors (kNN) algorithm, predicts the global (GHI) and direct (DNI) components of irradiance for horizons ranging from 5 min up to 30 min, and the corresponding uncertainty prediction intervals. An optimization algorithm determines the best set of patterns and other free parameters in the model, such as the number of nearest neighbors. Results show that the model achieves significant forecast improvements (between 10% and 25%) over a reference persistence forecast. The results show that large ramps in the irradiance time series are not very well capture by the point forecasts, mostly because those events are underrepresented in the historical dataset. The inclusion of sky images in the pattern recognition results in a small improvement (below 5%) relative to the kNN without images, but it helps in the definition of the uncertainty intervals (specially in the case of DNI). The prediction intervals determined with this method show good performance, with high probability coverage (≈90% for GHI and ≈85% for DNI) and narrow average normalized width (≈8% for GHI and ≈17% for DNI).

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro, Hugo T.C. & Coimbra, Carlos F.M., 2015. "Nearest-neighbor methodology for prediction of intra-hour global horizontal and direct normal irradiances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 770-782.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:80:y:2015:i:c:p:770-782
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.02.061
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    Cited by:

    1. Voyant, Cyril & Notton, Gilles & Kalogirou, Soteris & Nivet, Marie-Laure & Paoli, Christophe & Motte, Fabrice & Fouilloy, Alexis, 2017. "Machine learning methods for solar radiation forecasting: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 569-582.
    2. Chao-Rong Chen & Unit Three Kartini, 2017. "k-Nearest Neighbor Neural Network Models for Very Short-Term Global Solar Irradiance Forecasting Based on Meteorological Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Chu, Yinghao & Coimbra, Carlos F.M., 2017. "Short-term probabilistic forecasts for Direct Normal Irradiance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 526-536.
    4. Yang, Dazhi & van der Meer, Dennis, 2021. "Post-processing in solar forecasting: Ten overarching thinking tools," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    5. Ferlito, S. & Adinolfi, G. & Graditi, G., 2017. "Comparative analysis of data-driven methods online and offline trained to the forecasting of grid-connected photovoltaic plant production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 116-129.
    6. Seul-Gi Kim & Jae-Yoon Jung & Min Kyu Sim, 2019. "A Two-Step Approach to Solar Power Generation Prediction Based on Weather Data Using Machine Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, March.
    7. Chih-Chiang Wei, 2019. "Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Generation by Using Deep Learning in Solar Panels Installed in Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Chu, Yinghao & Li, Mengying & Coimbra, Carlos F.M., 2016. "Sun-tracking imaging system for intra-hour DNI forecasts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 792-799.
    9. Kamadinata, Jane Oktavia & Ken, Tan Lit & Suwa, Tohru, 2019. "Sky image-based solar irradiance prediction methodologies using artificial neural networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 837-845.
    10. Jean-Laurent Duchaud & Cyril Voyant & Alexis Fouilloy & Gilles Notton & Marie-Laure Nivet, 2020. "Trade-Off between Precision and Resolution of a Solar Power Forecasting Algorithm for Micro-Grid Optimal Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Kaur, Amanpreet & Nonnenmacher, Lukas & Pedro, Hugo T.C. & Coimbra, Carlos F.M., 2016. "Benefits of solar forecasting for energy imbalance markets," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 819-830.
    12. Zhu, Tingting & Wei, Haikun & Zhao, Xin & Zhang, Chi & Zhang, Kanjian, 2017. "Clear-sky model for wavelet forecast of direct normal irradiance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 1-8.
    13. Juan Du & Qilong Min & Penglin Zhang & Jinhui Guo & Jun Yang & Bangsheng Yin, 2018. "Short-Term Solar Irradiance Forecasts Using Sky Images and Radiative Transfer Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    14. Larson, David P. & Nonnenmacher, Lukas & Coimbra, Carlos F.M., 2016. "Day-ahead forecasting of solar power output from photovoltaic plants in the American Southwest," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 11-20.
    15. Luis Mazorra-Aguiar & Philippe Lauret & Mathieu David & Albert Oliver & Gustavo Montero, 2021. "Comparison of Two Solar Probabilistic Forecasting Methodologies for Microgrids Energy Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    16. Martins, Guilherme Santos & Giesbrecht, Mateus, 2021. "Clearness index forecasting: A comparative study between a stochastic realization method and a machine learning algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 787-805.
    17. Guilherme Fonseca Bassous & Rodrigo Flora Calili & Carlos Hall Barbosa, 2021. "Development of a Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Very Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-28, September.

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