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Use of encapsulated zinc particles in a eutectic chloride salt to enhance thermal energy storage capacity for concentrated solar power

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  • Cingarapu, Sreeram
  • Singh, Dileep
  • Timofeeva, Elena V.
  • Moravek, Michael R.

Abstract

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is considered as a viable large-scale renewable energy source to produce electricity. However, current costs to produce electricity from CSP are not cost competitive as compared to the traditional energy generation technologies based on fossil fuels and nuclear. It is envisioned that development of high efficiency and high heat capacity thermal storage fluids will increase system efficiency, reduce structural storage volume, and hence, contribute to reducing costs. Particularly, with respect to CSP, current high temperature energy storage fluids, such as molten salts, are relatively limited in terms of their thermal energy storage capacity and thermal conductivity. The current work explores possibility of boosting the thermal storage capacity of molten salts through latent heat of added phase change materials. We studied the advantage of adding coated Zn micron-sized particles to alkali chloride salt eutectic for enhanced thermal energy storage. Zinc particles (0.6 μm and 5 μm) obtained from commercial source were coated with an organo-phosphorus shell to improve chemical stability and to prevent individual particles from coalescing with one another during melt/freeze cycles. Thermal cycling tests (200 melt/freeze cycles) showed that coated Zn particles have good thermal stability and are chemically inert to alkali chloride salt eutectic in both N2 and in air atmospheres. Elemental mapping of the cross-sectional view of coated Zn particles from the composite after thermal cycles showed no signs of oxidation, agglomeration or other type of particle degradation. The measured enhancement in volumetric thermal storage capacity of the composite with just ∼10 vol% of coated Zn particles over the base chloride salt eutectic varies from 15% to 34% depending on cycling temperature range (ΔT = 50°C–100 °C).

Suggested Citation

  • Cingarapu, Sreeram & Singh, Dileep & Timofeeva, Elena V. & Moravek, Michael R., 2015. "Use of encapsulated zinc particles in a eutectic chloride salt to enhance thermal energy storage capacity for concentrated solar power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 508-516.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:80:y:2015:i:c:p:508-516
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.02.026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Minlin & Yang, Xiaoxi & Yang, Xiaoping & Ding, Jing, 2010. "Heat transfer enhancement and performance of the molten salt receiver of a solar power tower," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(9), pages 2808-2811, September.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Milián, Yanio E. & Gutiérrez, Andrea & Grágeda, Mario & Ushak, Svetlana, 2017. "A review on encapsulation techniques for inorganic phase change materials and the influence on their thermophysical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 983-999.
    4. Hoz, Jordi de la & Martín, Helena & Montalà, Montserrat & Matas, José & Guzman, Ramon, 2018. "Assessing the 2014 retroactive regulatory framework applied to the concentrating solar power systems in Spain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1377-1399.
    5. Navarrete, Nuria & Mondragón, Rosa & Wen, Dongsheng & Navarro, Maria Elena & Ding, Yulong & Juliá, J. Enrique, 2019. "Thermal energy storage of molten salt –based nanofluid containing nano-encapsulated metal alloy phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 912-920.
    6. Pelay, Ugo & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Stitou, Driss & Rood, Mark, 2017. "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 82-100.
    7. Wang, Haoran & Ran, Xiaofeng & Zhong, Yajuan & Lu, Linyuan & Lin, Jun & He, Gang & Wang, Liang & Dai, Zhimin, 2022. "Ternary chloride salt–porous ceramic composite as a high-temperature phase change material," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    8. Zhang, Hanfei & Shin, Donghyun & Santhanagopalan, Sunand, 2019. "Microencapsulated binary carbonate salt mixture in silica shell with enhanced effective heat capacity for high temperature latent heat storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1156-1162.

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