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Near and far field flow disturbances induced by model hydrokinetic turbine: ADV and ADP comparison

Author

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  • Neary, Vincent S.
  • Gunawan, Budi
  • Hill, Craig
  • Chamorro, Leonardo P.

Abstract

Wake flows downstream of hydrokinetic turbines are characterized by hub and tip vortices, a velocity deficit and an increase in turbulence intensity. Velocity and turbulence recovery in the wakes of individual turbines constrains the density of turbines in an array and limits the amount of energy that can be produced by a turbine farm. However, few hydrokinetic turbine flow recovery studies have been conducted, especially on the far-field flow characteristics. Nor have studies evaluated the accuracy of acoustic Doppler profiler measurements in the wakes of turbines. The present study examines vertical profiles of mean velocity and turbulence, as well as longitudinal profiles of velocity deficit and turbulence levels measured at the symmetry plane of a model three-blade axial flow turbine in a large open channel flow. Mean velocity and turbulence statistics are measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and a pulse coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP). ADV and corrected-ADP derived values of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and root-mean-square velocity constitute a well-documented data set that can be used to validate numerical models simulating the effects of hydrokinetic turbine arrays. We found that 80% of the flow recovery occurred about ten diameters downstream from the rotor plane, which suggests that practical values for longitudinal spacing of turbines should be between ten and fifteen diameters. Significant errors observed in mean velocity and turbulence statistics derived from ADP measurements in the near wake region raise concerns on the use of these instruments for such measurements in lab and field studies. Although the cause of some of the errors requires further investigation, we show that errors in turbulence intensity can be successfully corrected with supplemental ADV measurements.

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  • Neary, Vincent S. & Gunawan, Budi & Hill, Craig & Chamorro, Leonardo P., 2013. "Near and far field flow disturbances induced by model hydrokinetic turbine: ADV and ADP comparison," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:60:y:2013:i:c:p:1-6
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.03.030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Zhaoqing & Wang, Taiping & Copping, Andrea E., 2013. "Modeling tidal stream energy extraction and its effects on transport processes in a tidal channel and bay system using a three-dimensional coastal ocean model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 605-613.
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    1. Gunawan, Budi & Neary, Vincent S. & Colby, Jonathan, 2014. "Tidal energy site resource assessment in the East River tidal strait, near Roosevelt Island, New York, New York," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 509-517.
    2. Niebuhr, C.M. & van Dijk, M. & Neary, V.S. & Bhagwan, J.N., 2019. "A review of hydrokinetic turbines and enhancement techniques for canal installations: Technology, applicability and potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Olson, Sterling S. & Su, Jack C.P. & Silva, H. & Chartrand, Chris C. & Roberts, Jesse D., 2021. "Turbulence-parameter estimation for current-energy converters using surrogate model optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 559-567.
    4. Di Felice, Fabio & Capone, Alessandro & Romano, Giovanni Paolo & Alves Pereira, Francisco, 2023. "Experimental study of the turbulent flow in the wake of a horizontal axis tidal current turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 17-34.
    5. Guerra, Maricarmen & Hay, Alex E., 2024. "Field observations of the wake from a full-scale tidal turbine array," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    6. Xu, Tongtong & Haas, Kevin A. & Gunawan, Budi, 2023. "Estimating annual energy production from short tidal current records," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 105-115.
    7. Razi, P. & Ramaprabhu, P. & Tarey, P. & Muglia, M. & Vermillion, C., 2022. "A low-order wake interaction modeling framework for the performance of ocean current turbines under turbulent conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1602-1617.
    8. Chen, Yaling & Lin, Binliang & Lin, Jie & Wang, Shujie, 2017. "Experimental study of wake structure behind a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 82-96.
    9. Kumar, Dinesh & Sarkar, Shibayan, 2016. "A review on the technology, performance, design optimization, reliability, techno-economics and environmental impacts of hydrokinetic energy conversion systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 796-813.
    10. Möller, N.J. & Kim, H. & Neary, V.S. & García, M.H. & Chamorro, L.P., 2016. "On the near-wall effects induced by an axial-flow rotor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 524-530.
    11. Pyakurel, Parakram & VanZwieten, James H. & Sultan, Cornel & Dhanak, Manhar & Xiros, Nikolaos I., 2017. "Numerical simulation and dynamical response of a moored hydrokinetic turbine operating in the wake of an upstream turbine for control design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1134-1145.
    12. Laws, Nicholas D. & Epps, Brenden P., 2016. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1245-1259.
    13. Musa, Mirko & Hill, Craig & Guala, Michele, 2019. "Interaction between hydrokinetic turbine wakes and sediment dynamics: array performance and geomorphic effects under different siting strategies and sediment transport conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 738-753.
    14. Guerra, Maricarmen & Thomson, Jim, 2019. "Wake measurements from a hydrokinetic river turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 483-495.
    15. Fontaine, A.A. & Straka, W.A. & Meyer, R.S. & Jonson, M.L. & Young, S.D. & Neary, V.S., 2020. "Performance and wake flow characterization of a 1:8.7-scale reference USDOE MHKF1 hydrokinetic turbine to establish a verification and validation test database," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 451-467.
    16. Niebuhr, C.M. & Schmidt, S. & van Dijk, M. & Smith, L. & Neary, V.S., 2022. "A review of commercial numerical modelling approaches for axial hydrokinetic turbine wake analysis in channel flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    17. Craig Hill & Vincent S. Neary & Michele Guala & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2020. "Performance and Wake Characterization of a Model Hydrokinetic Turbine: The Reference Model 1 (RM1) Dual Rotor Tidal Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.

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