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Experimental and numerical studies of blade roughness and fouling on marine current turbine performance

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  • Walker, Jessica M.
  • Flack, Karen A.
  • Lust, Ethan E.
  • Schultz, Michael P.
  • Luznik, Luksa

Abstract

The impact of blade roughness and biofouling on the performance of a two-bladed horizontal axis marine current turbine was investigated experimentally and numerically. A 0.8 m diameter rotor (1/25th scale) with a NACA 63-618 cross section was tested in a towing tank. The torque, thrust and rotational speed were measured in the range 5 < λ < 11 (λ = tip speed ratio). Three different cases were tested: clean blades, artificially fouled blades and roughened blades. The performance of the turbine was predicted using blade element momentum theory and validated using the experimental results. The lift and drag curves necessary for the numerical model were obtained by testing a 2D NACA 63-618 aerofoil in a wind tunnel under clean and roughened conditions. The numerical model predicts the trends that were observed in the experimental data for roughened blades. The artificially fouled blades did not adversely affect turbine performance, as the vast majority of the fouling sheared off. The remaining material improved the performance by delaying stall to higher angles of attack and allowing measurements at lower λ than were attainable using the clean blades. The turbine performance was adversely affected in the case of roughened blades, with the power coefficient (CP) versus λ curve significantly offset below that for the clean case. The maximum CP for this condition was 0.34, compared to 0.42 for the clean condition.

Suggested Citation

  • Walker, Jessica M. & Flack, Karen A. & Lust, Ethan E. & Schultz, Michael P. & Luznik, Luksa, 2014. "Experimental and numerical studies of blade roughness and fouling on marine current turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 257-267.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:66:y:2014:i:c:p:257-267
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    6. Lloyd, Thomas P. & Turnock, Stephen R. & Humphrey, Victor F., 2014. "Assessing the influence of inflow turbulence on noise and performance of a tidal turbine using large eddy simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 742-754.
    7. Farkas, Andrea & Degiuli, Nastia & Martić, Ivana & Barbarić, Marina & Guzović, Zvonimir, 2022. "The impact of biofilm on marine current turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 584-595.
    8. Rahimian, Masoud & Walker, Jessica & Penesis, Irene, 2018. "Performance of a horizontal axis marine current turbine– A comprehensive evaluation using experimental, numerical, and theoretical approaches," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 965-976.
    9. Lust, Ethan E. & Flack, Karen A. & Luznik, Luksa, 2018. "Survey of the near wake of an axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine in quiescent conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 92-101.
    10. Laws, Nicholas D. & Epps, Brenden P., 2016. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1245-1259.
    11. Perez, Larissa & Cossu, Remo & Grinham, Alistair & Penesis, Irene, 2022. "An investigation of tidal turbine performance and loads under various turbulence conditions using Blade Element Momentum theory and high-frequency field data acquired in two prospective tidal energy s," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 928-937.
    12. Fontaine, A.A. & Straka, W.A. & Meyer, R.S. & Jonson, M.L. & Young, S.D. & Neary, V.S., 2020. "Performance and wake flow characterization of a 1:8.7-scale reference USDOE MHKF1 hydrokinetic turbine to establish a verification and validation test database," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 451-467.
    13. Niebuhr, C.M. & Schmidt, S. & van Dijk, M. & Smith, L. & Neary, V.S., 2022. "A review of commercial numerical modelling approaches for axial hydrokinetic turbine wake analysis in channel flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    14. Perez, Larissa & Cossu, Remo & Grinham, Alistair & Penesis, Irene, 2022. "Tidal turbine performance and loads for various hub heights and wave conditions using high-frequency field measurements and Blade Element Momentum theory," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1548-1560.
    15. Song, Soonseok & Demirel, Yigit Kemal & Atlar, Mehmet & Shi, Weichao, 2020. "Prediction of the fouling penalty on the tidal turbine performance and development of its mitigation measures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    16. David Menéndez Arán & Ángel Menéndez, 2021. "Surrogate-Based Optimization of Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine Rotor Blades," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    17. Craig Hill & Vincent S. Neary & Michele Guala & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2020. "Performance and Wake Characterization of a Model Hydrokinetic Turbine: The Reference Model 1 (RM1) Dual Rotor Tidal Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.
    18. Li, Wei & Zhou, Hongbin & Liu, Hongwei & Lin, Yonggang & Xu, Quankun, 2016. "Review on the blade design technologies of tidal current turbine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 414-422.
    19. del Horno, L. & Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2020. "Exhaustive closed loop behavior of an one degree of freedom first-generation device for harnessing energy from marine currents," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    20. Muhammed Zafar Ali Khan & Haider Ali Khan & Muhammad Aziz, 2022. "Harvesting Energy from Ocean: Technologies and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-43, May.
    21. Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2018. "A strategic analysis of tidal current energy conversion systems in the European Union," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 527-551.
    22. Lust, Ethan E. & Flack, Karen A. & Luznik, Luksa, 2020. "Survey of the near wake of an axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine in the presence of waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2199-2209.
    23. Mohammad Hassan Khanjanpour & Akbar A. Javadi, 2020. "Experimental and CFD Analysis of Impact of Surface Roughness on Hydrodynamic Performance of a Darrieus Hydro (DH) Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.

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