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Box-Behnken design optimizing operating conditions in bio-hydrogenated diesel production by using BHD product as a solvent

Author

Listed:
  • Ounsuk, Patravee
  • Prapainainar, Chaiwat
  • Hongloi, Nitchakul
  • Sudsakorn, Kandis
  • Lalitpattarakit, Montida
  • Seubsai, Anusorn
  • Kiatkittipong, Worapon
  • Wongsakulphasatch, Suwimol
  • Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
  • Sureeyatanapas, Panitas
  • Prapainainar, Paweena

Abstract

The development of alternative liquid fuels, such as bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD), is becoming increasingly important to reduce fossil fuel consumption. In addition, BHD components (such as hexadecane) can be used as a solvent to simplify product separation for the first time. This paper demonstrated the influence of several parameters—temperature (250, 200, 350 ◦C), pressure (10, 20, 30 bar), and reactant-to-solvent ratio (1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1)—for BHD production using palmitic acid as the reactant and hexadecane as the solvent with a nickel-on-zirconia catalyst. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum conditions for responses (palmitic acid conversion, BHD selectivity, and yield). A set of experiments was established based on a Box-Behnken designs. The results showed that the most significant parameter for palmitic acid conversion and BHD yield was temperature, especially when higher than 300 ◦C, where the BHD yield increased from 45 % to 80 %. Overall, the optimum operating conditions were 350 ◦C, 17 bar, and a reactant-to-solvent ratio of 1:0.77, revealing the potential for further use of BHD products as solvent. Deoxygenation of palm fatty acid with hexadecane as solvent found highest conversion of 82.7 % and BHD selectivity of 84.38 % at reaction time 4 h.

Suggested Citation

  • Ounsuk, Patravee & Prapainainar, Chaiwat & Hongloi, Nitchakul & Sudsakorn, Kandis & Lalitpattarakit, Montida & Seubsai, Anusorn & Kiatkittipong, Worapon & Wongsakulphasatch, Suwimol & Assabumrungrat, , 2024. "Box-Behnken design optimizing operating conditions in bio-hydrogenated diesel production by using BHD product as a solvent," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:232:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124010759
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Seok Ki & Han, Jae Young & Lee, Hong-shik & Yum, Taewoo & Kim, Yunje & Kim, Jaehoon, 2014. "Production of renewable diesel via catalytic deoxygenation of natural triglycerides: Comprehensive understanding of reaction intermediates and hydrocarbons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 199-205.
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    5. Hermida, Lilis & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Mohamed, Abdul Rahman, 2015. "Deoxygenation of fatty acid to produce diesel-like hydrocarbons: A review of process conditions, reaction kinetics and mechanism," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1223-1233.
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