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Experimental study of a passive thermal management system using vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

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  • Bai, Xingying
  • Jian, Qifei

Abstract

To mitigate the parasitic power consumption caused by conventional air and water cooling, this study proposes a novel passive cooling scheme that integrates vapor chambers into proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for thermal management. A 1.32 mm thick vapor chamber is designed and fabricated, and its heat transfer performance is verified through tests conducted at different powers using a heating pad. After confirming that vapor chambers can meet the heat dissipation requirements, the output characteristics of the stack coupled with vapor chambers, are experimentally evaluated during both fast start-up and steady-state operation. Results demonstrate that the vapor chamber efficiently operates at a heat flux density of only 0.052 W/cm2 at evaporation section, while maintaining a maximum in-plane temperature difference of 2.6 °C at 48 W. During fast start-up loading of the stack from 0 A to 40 A, the vapor chamber exhibits rapid thermal response and excellent temperature uniformity, preventing stack performance degradation due to improper operating temperatures. Compared to a general air-cooled stack, the stack coupled with vapor chambers exhibits a significant 21.7% improvement in stack voltage. These results systematically demonstrate the feasibility of vapor chambers for the thermal management of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks.

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  • Bai, Xingying & Jian, Qifei, 2023. "Experimental study of a passive thermal management system using vapor chamber for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:216:y:2023:i:c:s0960148123010091
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De las Heras, A. & Vivas, F.J. & Segura, F. & Redondo, M.J. & Andújar, J.M., 2018. "Air-cooled fuel cells: Keys to design and build the oxidant/cooling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 1-20.
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