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Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems

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  • McLean, Matthew L.
  • Espinoza, D. Nicolas

Abstract

Viable Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) require (1) access to large reservoir volumes at high temperatures and (2) sufficient permeability for large production flow rates. However, working fluid injection might quickly decrease the recoverable heat energy. Thermal destressing increases fracture transmissivity and reduces the production temperature. Large fracture openings cause the injection fluid to localize in a single fracture, or a few dominant fractures, and leads to thermal short-circuiting within the EGS hydraulic network. This work provides novel numerical simulations of a multi-fracture EGS that models the fracture aperture from initially closed to mechanically open. Fractures are modeled as discontinuities within a three dimensional thermo-poroelastic rock mass. We derived weak-form equations of mass balance, energy balance, and mechanical contact for fractures and wells and coupled those equations to the Comsol Multiphysics base package. The simulations investigate the full reservoir behavior through coupling of fluid flow through wellbores and fractures with the surrounding rock. Results show that large in-situ stresses contribute to a uniform fluid flow distribution in the fracture network because high compressive contact stresses decrease fracture compressibility and prevent large fracture openings. Initial or late large fracture openings cause thermal short-circuiting and are more likely to arise in locations with low initial stress and compliant fractures. Geometrical and operational properties of the EGS hydraulic network can minimize the severity of thermal short-circuiting including wellbore diameter, fracture spacing, injector/producer lateral spacing, EGS doublet orientation, and number of transmissive fractures. Thermo-mechanical interference between fracture stages causes (1) larger fracture opening displacements and (2) thermal short-circuiting earlier in time. Distinct initial fracture geometries and compliance causes the EGS hydraulic network to flow a non-uniform distribution of the injection fluid from the beginning and tends to decrease heat recovery.

Suggested Citation

  • McLean, Matthew L. & Espinoza, D. Nicolas, 2023. "Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 736-755.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:202:y:2023:i:c:p:736-755
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Slatlem Vik, Hedda & Salimzadeh, Saeed & Nick, Hamidreza M., 2018. "Heat recovery from multiple-fracture enhanced geothermal systems: The effect of thermoelastic fracture interactions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 606-622.
    2. Kyungjae Im & Jean-Philippe Avouac & Elías R. Heimisson & Derek Elsworth, 2021. "Ridgecrest aftershocks at Coso suppressed by thermal destressing," Nature, Nature, vol. 595(7865), pages 70-74, July.
    3. Han, Songcai & Cheng, Yuanfang & Gao, Qi & Yan, Chuanliang & Zhang, Jincheng, 2020. "Numerical study on heat extraction performance of multistage fracturing Enhanced Geothermal System," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1214-1226.
    4. Asai, Pranay & Podgorney, Robert & McLennan, John & Deo, Milind & Moore, Joseph, 2022. "Analytical model for fluid flow distribution in an Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 821-831.
    5. Ma, Yuanyuan & Li, Shibin & Zhang, Ligang & Liu, Songze & Liu, Zhaoyi & Li, Hao & Shi, Erxiu & Zhang, Haijun, 2020. "Numerical simulation study on the heat extraction performance of multi-well injection enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 782-795.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Qitao & Dahi Taleghani, Arash, 2023. "Autonomous fracture flow tunning to enhance efficiency of fractured geothermal systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).

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